ProofOfCoverage

The Proof Of Coverage LoRaWAN frames dataset

The directory contains the log files of frames sent by LoRa gateways to other gateways.

The gateways are installed in the Grenoble area by LIG Lab. Brands and models of the indoor and outdoor gateways are : Multitech (MTCDTIP2, MTCDTIP TDOA, MTCAP), Kerlink (Wirnet, iStation, Femto), RAK Wireless (RAK5146), Mikrotik (LAP8), Strataggem (ecoSignal), Semtech (Picocell, Corecell).

This dataset can be used for studying :

• LoRa modulation performance
• Outliers in gateways installation
  • degradation of gateway reception quality due to antenna destruction, EM disturbances, cable oxidation ...
  • misplacement of the gateway locations
  • ...

Keywords: LoRaWAN, LPWAN, LoRa, Internet of Things, Internet of Thing, Sensor networks

Modus operandis

The gateways are registered as ABP endpoints on Chirpstack v3 LNS.

A cron script publish periodically to gateways commands for sending uplink frames to other gateways at various datarates and at various Tx powers. The ADR of uplink frames is disabled.

The payload of the received frames can be decoded with this decoder by the LoRaWAN Network Server (LNS) on which endpoints are registered.

Dataset

The archive file is available on the PerSCiDO plateform.

The poc-*.log.gz files contains a dataset of 3418984 messages received between August 2021 and June 2023.

The logfile is k-anonymized for the gateway EUI and name. The location of the gateways has been geo-hashed. The precision is 6 (±0.61 km (0.38 mi; 610 m)). Distance are computed with the GPS-acurate position of the gateways or from the static position set by the gateway installation. The gateway installation can be erroneous.

The fields prefixed by _ are calculated and added to the dataset sent by the LNS.

• _date : the millisecond epoch of the archive date
• _timestamp : the millisecond epoch of the archive time
• object : the frame payload decoded using the PoC decoder. The fields are the gateway id of the sender, a token and the Tx power
• _devLocation : the location of the emitter
• _distance : the set of distances between the endpoint and the gateway
• _timeOfEmission : time of emission (in nanosecond) since the time of the reception by the gateway. The time field is sometime missing in indoor gateways.

Log files have been cleaned and obfuscated using the scripts developed by Samuel Pélissier.

Citation

Didier Donsez, Olivier Alphand, "The Proof Of Coverage LoRaWAN frames dataset", 2023, https://doi.org/10.18709/perscido.2023.06.ds396 HAL

Authors

• Didier Donsez (Université Grenoble Alpes LIG)
• Olivier Alphand (Université Grenoble Alpes LIG)

License

ODbL-1.0

Utilities

for i in poc-*.log.gz; do gunzip -c $i; done | wc -l
for i in poc-*.log.gz; do gunzip -c $i; done | jq . | more

Gallery

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