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English Version

题目描述

实现一个函数,检查二叉树是否平衡。在这个问题中,平衡树的定义如下:任意一个节点,其两棵子树的高度差不超过 1。


示例 1:
给定二叉树 [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]
3
/ \
9 20
/ \
15 7
返回 true 。
示例 2:
给定二叉树 [1,2,2,3,3,null,null,4,4]
1
/ \
2 2
/ \
3 3
/ \
4 4
返回 false 。

解法

方法一:递归(后序遍历)

我们设计一个函数 $dfs(root)$,它的作用是返回以 $root$ 为根节点的树的高度,如果以 $root$ 为根节点的树是平衡树,则返回树的高度,否则返回 $-1$

函数 $dfs(root)$ 的执行逻辑如下:

  • 如果 $root$ 为空,则返回 $0$
  • 否则,我们递归调用 $dfs(root.left)$$dfs(root.right)$,并判断 $dfs(root.left)$$dfs(root.right)$ 的返回值是否为 $-1$,如果不为 $-1$,则判断 $abs(dfs(root.left) - dfs(root.right)) <= 1$ 是否成立,如果成立,则返回 $max(dfs(root.left), dfs(root.right)) + 1$,否则返回 $-1$

在主函数中,我们只需要调用 $dfs(root)$,并判断其返回值是否为 $-1$,如果不为 $-1$,则返回 true,否则返回 false

时间复杂度 $O(n)$,空间复杂度 $O(n)$。其中 $n$ 是二叉树的节点个数。

Python3

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.left = None
#         self.right = None


class Solution:
    def isBalanced(self, root: TreeNode) -> bool:
        def dfs(root: TreeNode):
            if root is None:
                return 0, True
            a, b = dfs(root.left)
            c, d = dfs(root.right)
            return max(a, c) + 1, abs(a - c) <= 1 and b and d

        return dfs(root)[1]
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.left = None
#         self.right = None


class Solution:
    def isBalanced(self, root: TreeNode) -> bool:
        def dfs(root: TreeNode):
            if root is None:
                return 0
            l, r = dfs(root.left), dfs(root.right)
            if l == -1 or r == -1 or abs(l - r) > 1:
                return -1
            return max(l, r) + 1

        return dfs(root) >= 0

Java

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public boolean isBalanced(TreeNode root) {
        return dfs(root) >= 0;
    }

    private int dfs(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        int l = dfs(root.left);
        int r = dfs(root.right);
        if (l < 0 || r < 0 || Math.abs(l - r) > 1) {
            return -1;
        }
        return Math.max(l, r) + 1;
    }
}

C++

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    bool isBalanced(TreeNode* root) {
        function<int(TreeNode*)> dfs = [&](TreeNode* root) {
            if (!root) {
                return 0;
            }
            int l = dfs(root->left);
            int r = dfs(root->right);
            if (l == -1 || r == -1 || abs(l - r) > 1) {
                return -1;
            }
            return max(l, r) + 1;
        };
        return dfs(root) >= 0;
    }
};

Go

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * type TreeNode struct {
 *     Val int
 *     Left *TreeNode
 *     Right *TreeNode
 * }
 */
func isBalanced(root *TreeNode) bool {
	var dfs func(*TreeNode) int
	dfs = func(root *TreeNode) int {
		if root == nil {
			return 0
		}
		l, r := dfs(root.Left), dfs(root.Right)
		if l == -1 || r == -1 || abs(l-r) > 1 {
			return -1
		}
		return max(l, r) + 1
	}
	return dfs(root) >= 0
}

func max(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

func abs(x int) int {
	if x < 0 {
		return -x
	}
	return x
}

TypeScript

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * class TreeNode {
 *     val: number
 *     left: TreeNode | null
 *     right: TreeNode | null
 *     constructor(val?: number, left?: TreeNode | null, right?: TreeNode | null) {
 *         this.val = (val===undefined ? 0 : val)
 *         this.left = (left===undefined ? null : left)
 *         this.right = (right===undefined ? null : right)
 *     }
 * }
 */

function isBalanced(root: TreeNode | null): boolean {
    const dfs = (root: TreeNode | null): number => {
        if (!root) {
            return 0;
        }
        const l = dfs(root.left);
        const r = dfs(root.right);
        if (l === -1 || r === -1 || Math.abs(l - r) > 1) {
            return -1;
        }
        return Math.max(l, r) + 1;
    };
    return dfs(root) >= 0;
}

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