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English Version

题目描述

给定 n 个非负整数表示每个宽度为 1 的柱子的高度图,计算按此排列的柱子,下雨之后能接多少雨水。

 

示例 1:

输入:height = [0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1]
输出:6
解释:上面是由数组 [0,1,0,2,1,0,1,3,2,1,2,1] 表示的高度图,在这种情况下,可以接 6 个单位的雨水(蓝色部分表示雨水)。 

示例 2:

输入:height = [4,2,0,3,2,5]
输出:9

 

提示:

  • n == height.length
  • 1 <= n <= 2 * 104
  • 0 <= height[i] <= 105

解法

方法一:动态规划

我们定义 $left[i]$ 表示下标 $i$ 位置及其左边的最高柱子的高度,定义 $right[i]$ 表示下标 $i$ 位置及其右边的最高柱子的高度。那么下标 $i$ 位置能接的雨水量为 $min(left[i], right[i]) - height[i]$。我们遍历数组,计算出 $left[i]$$right[i]$,最后答案为 $\sum_{i=0}^{n-1} min(left[i], right[i]) - height[i]$

时间复杂度 $O(n)$,空间复杂度 $O(n)$。其中 $n$ 为数组的长度。

Python3

class Solution:
    def trap(self, height: List[int]) -> int:
        n = len(height)
        left = [height[0]] * n
        right = [height[-1]] * n
        for i in range(1, n):
            left[i] = max(left[i - 1], height[i])
            right[n - i - 1] = max(right[n - i], height[n - i - 1])
        return sum(min(l, r) - h for l, r, h in zip(left, right, height))

Java

class Solution {
    public int trap(int[] height) {
        int n = height.length;
        int[] left = new int[n];
        int[] right = new int[n];
        left[0] = height[0];
        right[n - 1] = height[n - 1];
        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
            left[i] = Math.max(left[i - 1], height[i]);
            right[n - i - 1] = Math.max(right[n - i], height[n - i - 1]);
        }
        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            ans += Math.min(left[i], right[i]) - height[i];
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    int trap(vector<int>& height) {
        int n = height.size();
        int left[n], right[n];
        left[0] = height[0];
        right[n - 1] = height[n - 1];
        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
            left[i] = max(left[i - 1], height[i]);
            right[n - i - 1] = max(right[n - i], height[n - i - 1]);
        }
        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            ans += min(left[i], right[i]) - height[i];
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

Go

func trap(height []int) (ans int) {
	n := len(height)
	left := make([]int, n)
	right := make([]int, n)
	left[0], right[n-1] = height[0], height[n-1]
	for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
		left[i] = max(left[i-1], height[i])
		right[n-i-1] = max(right[n-i], height[n-i-1])
	}
	for i, h := range height {
		ans += min(left[i], right[i]) - h
	}
	return
}

func max(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

func min(a, b int) int {
	if a < b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

TypeScript

function trap(height: number[]): number {
    const n = height.length;
    const left: number[] = new Array(n).fill(height[0]);
    const right: number[] = new Array(n).fill(height[n - 1]);
    for (let i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
        left[i] = Math.max(left[i - 1], height[i]);
        right[n - i - 1] = Math.max(right[n - i], height[n - i - 1]);
    }
    let ans = 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        ans += Math.min(left[i], right[i]) - height[i];
    }
    return ans;
}

C#

public class Solution {
    public int Trap(int[] height) {
        int n = height.Length;
        int[] left = new int[n];
        int[] right = new int[n];
        left[0] = height[0];
        right[n - 1] = height[n - 1];
        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
            left[i] = Math.Max(left[i - 1], height[i]);
            right[n - i - 1] = Math.Max(right[n - i], height[n - i - 1]);
        }
        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            ans += Math.Min(left[i], right[i]) - height[i];
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

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