diff --git a/frontend/Dockerfile b/frontend/Dockerfile
index 9e46f62..b8627fd 100644
--- a/frontend/Dockerfile
+++ b/frontend/Dockerfile
@@ -3,68 +3,36 @@
 ARG NODE_VERSION=20.12.1
 ARG PNPM_VERSION=9.0.5
 
-################################################################################
-# Use node image for base image for all stages.
 FROM node:${NODE_VERSION}-alpine as base
-
-# Set working directory for all build stages.
 WORKDIR /usr/src/app
-
-# Install pnpm.
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.npm \
     npm install -g pnpm@${PNPM_VERSION}
 
-################################################################################
-# Create a stage for installing production dependecies.
 FROM base as deps
-
-# Download dependencies as a separate step to take advantage of Docker's caching.
-# Leverage a cache mount to /root/.local/share/pnpm/store to speed up subsequent builds.
-# Leverage bind mounts to package.json and pnpm-lock.yaml to avoid having to copy them
-# into this layer.
 RUN --mount=type=bind,source=package.json,target=package.json \
     --mount=type=bind,source=pnpm-lock.yaml,target=pnpm-lock.yaml \
     --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.local/share/pnpm/store \
     pnpm install --prod --frozen-lockfile
 
-################################################################################
-# Create a stage for building the application.
 FROM deps as build
-
-# Download additional development dependencies before building, as some projects require
-# "devDependencies" to be installed to build. If you don't need this, remove this step.
 RUN --mount=type=bind,source=package.json,target=package.json \
     --mount=type=bind,source=pnpm-lock.yaml,target=pnpm-lock.yaml \
     --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.local/share/pnpm/store \
     pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
-
-# Copy the rest of the source files into the image.
 COPY . .
-# Run the build script.
 RUN pnpm run build
 
-################################################################################
-# Create a new stage to run the application with minimal runtime dependencies
-# where the necessary files are copied from the build stage.
 FROM base as final
-
-# Use production node environment by default.
 ENV NODE_ENV production
 
-# Run the application as a non-root user.
-USER node
-
-# Copy package.json so that package manager commands can be used.
-COPY package.json .
-
-# Copy the production dependencies from the deps stage and also
-# the built application from the build stage into the image.
-COPY --from=deps /usr/src/app/node_modules ./node_modules
-COPY --from=build /usr/src/app/.next ./.next
+# Copy necessary files and directories with correct permissions
+COPY --chown=node:node package.json .
+COPY --chown=node:node --from=deps /usr/src/app/node_modules ./node_modules
+COPY --chown=node:node --from=build /usr/src/app/.next ./.next
+COPY --chown=node:node --from=build /usr/src/app/public ./public
 
+# Run the application as a non-root user
+USER node
 
-# Expose the port that the application listens on.
 EXPOSE 3001
-
-# Run the application.
 CMD pnpm start