Before installing the drivers, make sure to add the non-free and non-free-firmware components to the APT repository:
apt install software-properties-common
apt-add-repository --component contrib non-free non-free-firmware
apt update
Also, ensure that you have the kernel headers installed:
apt install linux-headers-amd64
If your installing a graphics driver, disable the nouveau kernel driver:
bash -c 'echo -e "blacklist nouveau\noptions nouveau modeset=0" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf'
reboot
Note: Some drivers, such as the nVidia graphics driver, may have issues with the command-line terminal framebuffer, causing lines to not appear on the screen properly. To address this, you can set the terminal VGA mode in the GRUB boot loader.
To set the terminal VGA mode, follow these steps:
- Edit the
/etc/default/grub
file using a text editor such as nano:nano /etc/default/grub
- Locate the line starting with
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT
and append the following parameters to the existing line:GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet vga=791"
- Save the changes by pressing CTRL+O, and exit the text editor by pressing CTRL+X.
- Update the GRUB configuration:
update-grub
- Reboot your system for the changes to take effect.
To install the nVidia drivers, run the following command:
apt install nvidia-driver firmware-misc-nonfree
For AMD graphics cards, use the following command to install the drivers:
apt install firmware-amd-graphics
If you have an Intel graphics card, install the Intel driver with the following command:
apt install xserver-xorg-video-intel
Install wireless tools:
apt install wireless-tools
To install firmware for Intel Wireless WiFi Link, Wireless-N, Advanced-N, and Ultimate-N devices, use:
apt install firmware-iwlwifi
For more information, you can refer to the following resources: