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HELMHOLTZ.html
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<!doctype html PUBLIC"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict //EN" "
http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml-strict.dtd">
<html xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
<head>
<title>HELMHOLTZ GALVANOMETER</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="layout.css" media="screen" />
</head>
<body background="images/bg.jpg">
<div id="container">
<div id ="content">
<h1 align="center">PHYSICS VIVA QUESTION</h1><br><br><br>
<h2 align="center" font-size-adjust:200px><B><i>HELMHOLTZ GALVANOMETER</B></h2><br><br>
<p>
<b><i>It is named after the German scientist Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz.</i></b><br><br><br>
<b>Q.What is Helmholtz Galvanometer?</b><br><br>
<b>A</b>. A Helmholtz galvanometer , like other galvanometers , is an instrument which can be use to measure dc current in the circuit.It is an improved form of the tangent<br>
galvanometer. <br><br>
<b>Q. On what principle is Helmholtz Galvanometer based? </b><br><br>
<b>A</b>. It is based on Tangent Law,which states that when two magnetic fields are acting perpendicular to each other, then for a given restoring field deflecting field is directly<br>
proportional to tangent of the angle made by resultant with restoring field. <br><br>
<b>Q.How does the field along the axis of coil vary? </b><br><br>
<b>A</b>.The field F at distance x from the center of the coil of radius r is defines as:<br>
F=(2*3.14*n*i*r)/10(r*r+x*x)^3/2<br>
where n is the number of turns and i is the current flowing through the coil. <br><br>
<b>Q.What is the magnitude of of field at the center? </b><br><br>
<b>A</b>. For F at center,x=0,<br>
F=(2*3.14*n*i)/10*r<br><br>
<b>Q.How can we increase the region of uniform field? </b><br><br>
<b>A</b>.By using two identical coils placed co-axially at a distance equal to their radius.
<b>Q.Define Tangent Law. </b><br><br>
<b>A</b>. F=H tan θ,where H & F are mutually perpendicular magnetic fields. <br><br>
<b>Q.Why is it necessary to set the plane of coil in the magnetic meridian? </b><br><br>
<b>A</b>.To make the magnetic field produced by the coils at ninety degrees to the horizontal component of Earth’s magnetic field. <br><br>
<b>Q.What is magnetic meridian? </b><br><br>
<b>A</b>. A plane passing through the axis of magnetic needle freely suspended through it’s center of gravity & is at rest under Earth’s magnetic field. <br><br>
<b>Q.How is the error in measurement of deflection eliminated if the coil is not exactly placed in the magnetic meridian? </b><br><br>
<b>A</b>.By passing current in one direction and then in reverse direction and then taking the mean of the four readings.we get deflection free from error. <br><br>
<b>Advantages of Helmholtz Galvanometer over Tangent Galvanometer. </b><br><br>
Tangent galvanometer has uniform magnetic field only at the center while Helmholtz has it between the two coils.Helmholtz galvanometer is more sensitive.At the same current Helmholtz<br>
produces more deflection and field. <br><br>
</p>
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