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中等
数组
双指针
排序

English Version

题目描述

给你一个长度为 n 的整数数组 nums 和 一个目标值 target。请你从 nums 中选出三个整数,使它们的和与 target 最接近。

返回这三个数的和。

假定每组输入只存在恰好一个解。

 

示例 1:

输入:nums = [-1,2,1,-4], target = 1
输出:2
解释:与 target 最接近的和是 2 (-1 + 2 + 1 = 2)。

示例 2:

输入:nums = [0,0,0], target = 1
输出:0
解释:与 target 最接近的和是 0(0 + 0 + 0 = 0)。

 

提示:

  • 3 <= nums.length <= 1000
  • -1000 <= nums[i] <= 1000
  • -104 <= target <= 104

解法

方法一:排序 + 双指针

我们将数组排序,然后遍历数组,对于每个元素 $nums[i]$,我们使用指针 $j$$k$ 分别指向 $i+1$$n-1$,计算三数之和,如果三数之和等于 $target$,则直接返回 $target$,否则根据与 $target$ 的差值更新答案。如果三数之和大于 $target$,则将 $k$ 向左移动一位,否则将 $j$ 向右移动一位。

时间复杂度 $O(n^2)$,空间复杂度 $O(\log n)$。其中 $n$ 为数组长度。

Python3

class Solution:
    def threeSumClosest(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> int:
        nums.sort()
        n = len(nums)
        ans = inf
        for i, v in enumerate(nums):
            j, k = i + 1, n - 1
            while j < k:
                t = v + nums[j] + nums[k]
                if t == target:
                    return t
                if abs(t - target) < abs(ans - target):
                    ans = t
                if t > target:
                    k -= 1
                else:
                    j += 1
        return ans

Java

class Solution {
    public int threeSumClosest(int[] nums, int target) {
        Arrays.sort(nums);
        int ans = 1 << 30;
        int n = nums.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int j = i + 1, k = n - 1;
            while (j < k) {
                int t = nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[k];
                if (t == target) {
                    return t;
                }
                if (Math.abs(t - target) < Math.abs(ans - target)) {
                    ans = t;
                }
                if (t > target) {
                    --k;
                } else {
                    ++j;
                }
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    int threeSumClosest(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        int ans = 1 << 30;
        int n = nums.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int j = i + 1, k = n - 1;
            while (j < k) {
                int t = nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[k];
                if (t == target) return t;
                if (abs(t - target) < abs(ans - target)) ans = t;
                if (t > target)
                    --k;
                else
                    ++j;
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

Go

func threeSumClosest(nums []int, target int) int {
	sort.Ints(nums)
	ans := 1 << 30
	n := len(nums)
	for i, v := range nums {
		j, k := i+1, n-1
		for j < k {
			t := v + nums[j] + nums[k]
			if t == target {
				return t
			}
			if abs(t-target) < abs(ans-target) {
				ans = t
			}
			if t > target {
				k--
			} else {
				j++
			}
		}
	}
	return ans
}

func abs(x int) int {
	if x < 0 {
		return -x
	}
	return x
}

TypeScript

function threeSumClosest(nums: number[], target: number): number {
    nums.sort((a, b) => a - b);
    let ans: number = 1 << 30;
    const n = nums.length;
    for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        let j = i + 1;
        let k = n - 1;
        while (j < k) {
            const t: number = nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[k];
            if (t === target) {
                return t;
            }
            if (Math.abs(t - target) < Math.abs(ans - target)) {
                ans = t;
            }
            if (t > target) {
                --k;
            } else {
                ++j;
            }
        }
    }
    return ans;
}

JavaScript

/**
 * @param {number[]} nums
 * @param {number} target
 * @return {number}
 */
var threeSumClosest = function (nums, target) {
    nums.sort((a, b) => a - b);
    let ans = 1 << 30;
    const n = nums.length;
    for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        let j = i + 1;
        let k = n - 1;
        while (j < k) {
            const t = nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[k];
            if (t === target) {
                return t;
            }
            if (Math.abs(t - target) < Math.abs(ans - target)) {
                ans = t;
            }
            if (t > target) {
                --k;
            } else {
                ++j;
            }
        }
    }
    return ans;
};

PHP

class Solution {
    /**
     * @param int[] $nums
     * @param int $target
     * @return int
     */

    function threeSumClosest($nums, $target) {
        $n = count($nums);
        $closestSum = $nums[0] + $nums[1] + $nums[2];
        $minDiff = abs($closestSum - $target);

        sort($nums);

        for ($i = 0; $i < $n - 2; $i++) {
            $left = $i + 1;
            $right = $n - 1;

            while ($left < $right) {
                $sum = $nums[$i] + $nums[$left] + $nums[$right];
                $diff = abs($sum - $target);

                if ($diff < $minDiff) {
                    $minDiff = $diff;
                    $closestSum = $sum;
                } elseif ($sum < $target) {
                    $left++;
                } elseif ($sum > $target) {
                    $right--;
                } else {
                    return $sum;
                }
            }
        }

        return $closestSum;
    }
}