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简单
链表
双指针

876. 链表的中间结点

English Version

题目描述

给你单链表的头结点 head ，请你找出并返回链表的中间结点。

如果有两个中间结点，则返回第二个中间结点。

 

示例 1：

输入：head = [1,2,3,4,5]
输出：[3,4,5]
解释：链表只有一个中间结点，值为 3 。

示例 2：

输入：head = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
输出：[4,5,6]
解释：该链表有两个中间结点，值分别为 3 和 4 ，返回第二个结点。

 

提示：

  • 链表的结点数范围是 [1, 100]
  • 1 <= Node.val <= 100

解法

方法一：快慢指针

定义快慢指针 fast 和 slow，初始时均指向链表的头结点。

快指针 fast 每次走两步，慢指针 slow 每次走一步。当快指针走到链表的尾部时，慢指针所指的结点即为中间结点。

时间复杂度 $O(n)$，空间复杂度 $O(1)$。其中 $n$ 是链表的长度。

Python3

# Definition for singly-linked list.
# class ListNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.next = next
class Solution:
    def middleNode(self, head: ListNode) -> ListNode:
        slow = fast = head
        while fast and fast.next:
            slow, fast = slow.next, fast.next.next
        return slow

Java

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * public class ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode next;
 *     ListNode() {}
 *     ListNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     ListNode(int val, ListNode next) { this.val = val; this.next = next; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public ListNode middleNode(ListNode head) {
        ListNode slow = head, fast = head;
        while (fast != null && fast.next != null) {
            slow = slow.next;
            fast = fast.next.next;
        }
        return slow;
    }
}

C++

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode() : val(0), next(nullptr) {}
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}
 *     ListNode(int x, ListNode *next) : val(x), next(next) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* middleNode(ListNode* head) {
        ListNode *slow = head, *fast = head;
        while (fast && fast->next) {
            slow = slow->next;
            fast = fast->next->next;
        }
        return slow;
    }
};

Go

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * type ListNode struct {
 *     Val int
 *     Next *ListNode
 * }
 */
func middleNode(head *ListNode) *ListNode {
	slow, fast := head, head
	for fast != nil && fast.Next != nil {
		slow, fast = slow.Next, fast.Next.Next
	}
	return slow
}

TypeScript

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * class ListNode {
 *     val: number
 *     next: ListNode | null
 *     constructor(val?: number, next?: ListNode | null) {
 *         this.val = (val===undefined ? 0 : val)
 *         this.next = (next===undefined ? null : next)
 *     }
 * }
 */

function middleNode(head: ListNode | null): ListNode | null {
    let fast = head,
        slow = head;
    while (fast != null && fast.next != null) {
        fast = fast.next.next;
        slow = slow.next;
    }
    return slow;
}

Rust

// Definition for singly-linked list.
// #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Debug)]
// pub struct ListNode {
//   pub val: i32,
//   pub next: Option<Box<ListNode>>
// }
//
// impl ListNode {
//   #[inline]
//   fn new(val: i32) -> Self {
//     ListNode {
//       next: None,
//       val
//     }
//   }
// }
impl Solution {
    pub fn middle_node(head: Option<Box<ListNode>>) -> Option<Box<ListNode>> {
        let mut slow = &head;
        let mut fast = &head;
        while fast.is_some() && fast.as_ref().unwrap().next.is_some() {
            slow = &slow.as_ref().unwrap().next;
            fast = &fast.as_ref().unwrap().next.as_ref().unwrap().next;
        }
        slow.clone()
    }
}

PHP

/**
 * Definition for a singly-linked list.
 * class ListNode {
 *     public $val = 0;
 *     public $next = null;
 *     function __construct($val = 0, $next = null) {
 *         $this->val = $val;
 *         $this->next = $next;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    /**
     * @param ListNode $head
     * @return ListNode
     */
    function middleNode($head) {
        $count = 0;
        $tmpHead = $head;
        while ($tmpHead != null) {
            $tmpHead = $tmpHead->next;
            $count++;
        }
        $len = $count - floor($count / 2);
        while ($count != $len) {
            $head = $head->next;
            $count--;
        }
        return $head;
    }
}

C

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     struct ListNode *next;
 * };
 */

struct ListNode* middleNode(struct ListNode* head) {
    struct ListNode* fast = head;
    struct ListNode* slow = head;
    while (fast && fast->next) {
        fast = fast->next->next;
        slow = slow->next;
    }
    return slow;
}