forked from GrammaticalFramework/GF
-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
index.html
424 lines (399 loc) · 17.3 KB
/
index.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
<!DOCTYPE html>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>GF - Grammatical Framework</TITLE>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/newstyle.css" title="GF">
<link rel="alternate" href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF/" title="GF GitHub repository">
<meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width">
<script type="text/javascript">
function sitesearch() {
var q=document.forms[0].q.value;
var site=" site:www.grammaticalframework.org";
var search=encodeURIComponent(q+site)
document.location.href="http://www.google.com/search?q="+search
return false;
}
</script>
<meta name="keywords" content="machine translation">
</HEAD>
<body class=new>
<div class="header sky blue">
<img class="gflogo" src="doc/Logos/gf1.svg" alt="">
<H1>Grammatical Framework</H1>
<small class=tagline>A programming language for multilingual grammar applications</small>
</div>
<div class=menu>
<div class=links>
<h4>Use GF</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/">GF Cloud<img class=right src="src/www/P/gf-cloud.png" alt="GF Cloud Service" title="GF Cloud Service"></a>
<li><A HREF="demos/index.html">Other Demos</A>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><A HREF="http://www.grammaticalframework.org/download/index.html"><b>Download GF</b></A>
<li><a href="doc/gf-editor-modes.html">GF Editor Modes</a>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><A HREF="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">User Group</A>
<li><a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF/issues">Bug Reports</a>
(<a href="http://code.google.com/p/grammatical-framework/issues/list">old</a>)
</ul>
</div>
<div class=links>
<h4>Learn GF</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1LFbDQhbso">Google Tech Talk</a>
<li><A HREF="doc/gf-quickstart.html">QuickStart</A>
<li><A HREF="doc/gf-reference.html">QuickRefCard</A>
<li><A HREF="doc/gf-shell-reference.html">GF Shell Reference</A>
<li><a href="http://school.grammaticalframework.org/"><b>GF Summer School</b></a>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><A HREF="gf-book">The GF Book</A>
<li><A HREF="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">GF Tutorial</A>
<li><A HREF="doc/gf-refman.html">Reference Manual</A>
<li><A HREF="http://www.molto-project.eu/sites/default/files/MOLTO_D2.3.pdf">Best Practices</A> <small>[PDF]</small>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><A HREF="lib/doc/synopsis.html">Library Synopsis</A>
<li><A HREF="doc/gf-lrec-2010.pdf">Library Tutorial</A> <small>[PDF]</small>
<li><A HREF="http://www.postcrashgames.com/gf_world/">Coverage Map</A>
</ul>
</div>
<div class=links>
<h4>Develop GF</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://travis-ci.org/GrammaticalFramework/GF"><img src="https://travis-ci.org/GrammaticalFramework/GF.svg?branch=master" alt="GF build status"></a>
<li><a href="doc/gf-developers.html">GF Developers Guide</a>
<li><A HREF="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/">GF on GitHub</A>
<li><a href="/~hallgren/gf-experiment/browse/">Browse Source Code</a>
<li><A HREF="doc/gf-people.html">Authors</A>
</ul>
<h4>Develop Applications</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/gf-3.9/docs/PGF.html">PGF library API (Old Runtime)</a>
<li><a href="doc/runtime-api.html">PGF library API (New Runtime)</a>
<li><a href="src/ui/android/README">GF on Android (new)</a>
<li><A HREF="/android/">GF on Android (old) </A>
</ul>
</div>
<div class=links>
<h4>Related to GF</h4>
<ul>
<li><A HREF="doc/gf-bibliography.html">Publications</A>
<li><A HREF="http://remu.grammaticalframework.org/">The REMU Project</A>
<li><A HREF="http://www.molto-project.eu">The MOLTO Project</A>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_Framework">GF on Wikipedia</a>
<li><p><a href="Http://www.digitalgrammars.com/">Digital Grammars AB</a>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write('<div style="float: right; margin-top: 3ex;"> <form onsubmit="return sitesearch()" method=get action="http://www.google.com/search"> <input type=search name="q" placeholder="site search"> <input type=submit value="Search"> </form></div>')
</script>
<H2 class=noclear>News</H2>
<div class=news2>
<table class=news>
<tr><td>2017-08-11:<td><strong>GF 3.9 released!</strong>
<a href="download/release-3.9.html">Release notes</a>.
<tr><td>2017-06-29:<td>GF is moving to <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF/">GitHub</a>!
<tr><td>2017-03-13:<td><strong>GF Summer School in Riga (Latvia), 14-25 August 2017</strong>
<a href="http://school.grammaticalframework.org/2017/">Summer
School web page</a>.
<tr><td>2016-09-07:<td><strong>Google Tech Talk on GF</strong> <a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1LFbDQhbso">on Youtube</a>.
<tr><td>2016-07-05:<td>GitHub mirror temporarily not updated, due to server migration.
<tr><td>2016-06-22:<td><strong>GF 3.8 released!</strong>
<a href="download/release-3.8.html">Release notes</a>.
<tr><td>2015-06-21:<td><strong>Summer School in Rule-Based Machine
Translation in Alacant/Alicante (Spain), 11-21 July 2016</strong>
featuring GF, Apertium, Matxin, and TectoMT.
<a href="http://xixona.dlsi.ua.es/rbmt-summer-school/2016/">Summer
School web page</a>.
<tr><td>2016-06-14:<td>New resource grammar language: Nynorsk.
<tr><td>2015-10-02:<td><strong>GF 3.7.1 released!</strong>
<a href="download/release-3.7.1.html">Release notes</a>.
<tr><td>2015-06-25:<td><strong>GF 3.7 released!</strong>
<a href="download/release-3.7.html">Release notes</a>.
<tr><td>2015-03-13:<td>New resource grammar language: Mongolian.
See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
<tr><td>2015-02-09:<td><strong>GF Summer School in Gozo (Malta), 13-24 July 2015</strong>
<a href="http://school.grammaticalframework.org/2015/">Summer
School web page</a>.
<tr><td>2014-06-23:<td><strong>GF 3.6 released!</strong>
<a href="download/release-3.6.html">Release notes</a>.
<tr><td>2014-03-11:
<td>A company for commercial applications of GF has been founded:
<a href="http://www.digitalgrammars.com/">Digital Grammars</a>.
<tr><td>2013-11-25:
<td>The default character encoding in GF grammar files will be changed
from Latin-1 to UTF-8. See
<a href="download/encoding-change.html">GF character encoding changes</a>
for details.
<tr><td>2013-10-18:<td>New resource grammar language: Estonian.
See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
<tr><td>2013-09-18:<td>New <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-contrib">GF contributions repository</a>, hosted on GitHub.
<tr><td>2013-08-06:<td><strong>GF 3.5 released!</strong>
<a href="download/release-3.5.html">Release notes</a>.
<tr><td>2013-07-26:<td>Started a page with <A HREF="lib/doc/rgl-publications.html">RGL Documentation and Publications</A>.
<tr><td>2013-06-24:<td>We are now running the IRC channel <a href="https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=gf"><strong><code>#gf</code></strong></a> on the Freenode network.
<tr><td>2013-06-19:<td>New resource grammar language: Maltese.
See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
<tr><td>2013-04-25:<td>New resource grammar language: Greek.
See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
<tr><td>2013-01-31:<td><strong>GF 3.4 released!</strong>
<a href="download/release-3.4.html">Release notes</a>.
<tr><td>2012-12-10:<td>
<a href="http://www.postcrashgames.com/gf_world/">Resource Grammar Library
coverage map</a>, created by Tommi Nieminen.
<!--
<tr><td>2012-11-18:<td>
<A HREF="http://school.grammaticalframework.org/2013">GF Summer School</A>
in Frauenchiemsee, 18-30 August 2013.
<tr><td>2012-11-18:<td>New resource grammar language: Chinese.
See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
Complete but not yet perfect.
<tr><td>2012-06-29:<td>GF sources now mirrored in GitHub, with change
statistics and other browsing features.
See <a href="https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF/"><tt>github.com/GrammaticalFramework/GF</tt></a>
<tr><td>2012-05-07:<td>New resource grammar language: Japanese.
See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
<tr><td>2012-03-23:<td>There will be a
<a href="gf-tutorial-icfp-2012/">GF tutorial at ICFP 2012</a>
in Copenhagen.
<tr><td>2012-03-03:<td><strong>GF 3.3.3 released!</strong>
<a href="download/release-3.3.3.html">Release notes</a>.
<tr><td>2012-02-24:<td>New resource grammar languages: Hindi, Sindhi.
See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
<tr><td>2011-12-29:<td>New resource grammar languages: Latvian, Thai.
See <a href="lib/doc/synopsis.html">library synopsis</a>.
<tr><td>2011-10-27:<td><strong>GF 3.3 released!</strong>
<a href="download/release-3.3.html">Release notes</a>.
<tr><td>2011-09-20:<td>There is now a page collecting
<a href="doc/gf-editor-modes.html">editor modes for GF</a>.
Contributions are welcome!
<tr><td>2011-09-12:<td><strong>GF 3.2.9</strong> source snapshot with faster grammar compilation available. See <a href="download/index.html">Downloads</a>.
<tr><td>2011-04-22:<td><a href="android/tutorial/">JPGF Android Tutorial</a> added.
<tr><td>2011-04-15:<td>The <a href="gf-book">GF Book</a> is available.
<tr><td>2011-01-13:<td><a href="http://www.molto-project.eu/node/1177">Phrasedroid
available on the Android Market</a>.
<tr><td>2011-01-04:<td>GF is part of the
<a href="http://www.clt.gu.se/clt-toolkit">CLT Toolkit</a>.
<tr><td>2010-12-23:<td><strong>GF 3.2 released!</strong>
<a href="download/release-3.2.html">Release notes</a>.
-->
</table>
</div>
<H2>What is GF</H2>
<P>
GF, Grammatical Framework, is a programming language for
<B>multilingual grammar applications</B>. It is
</P>
<UL>
<LI>a <B>special-purpose language for grammars</B>, like
<a href="http://dinosaur.compilertools.net/yacc/">YACC</a>,
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/">Bison</a>,
<a href="http://www.haskell.org/happy/">Happy</a>,
<a href="http://bnfc.digitalgrammars.com/">BNFC</a>,
but not restricted to programming languages
<LI>a <B>functional programming language</B>, like
<a href="http://www.haskell.org/">Haskell</a>,
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)">Lisp</a>,
<a href="http://ocaml.org/">OCaml</a>,
<a href="http://www.smlnj.org/">SML</a>,
<a href="http://schemers.org/">Scheme</a>,
but specialized to grammar writing
<LI>a <B>development platform for natural language grammars</B>, like
<a href="http://moin.delph-in.net/LkbTop">LKB</a>,
<a href="http://www2.parc.com/isl/groups/nltt/xle/">XLE</a>,
<a href="http://www.issco.unige.ch/en/research/projects/regulus/news.shtml">Regulus</a>,
but based on functional programming and type theory
<LI>a <B>categorial grammar formalism</B>, like
<a href="http://www.loria.fr/equipes/calligramme/acg/">ACG</a>,
<a href="http://openccg.sourceforge.net/">CCG</a>,
but specialized for multilingual grammars,
<LI>a <B>logical framework</B>, like
<a href="http://wiki.portal.chalmers.se/agda/pmwiki.php">Agda</a>,
<a href="http://coq.inria.fr/">Coq</a>,
<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/hvg/Isabelle/">Isabelle</a>,
but equipped with concrete syntax in addition to logic
<li>a <b>platform for machine translation</b>, like
<a href="http://www.statmt.org/moses/">Moses</a>,
<a href="http://www.apertium.org/">Apertium</a>,
but based on deep structural analysis (and usually applied for
limited fragments of language).
</UL>
<P>
Don't worry if you don't know most of the references above - but if you do know at
least one, it may help you to get a first idea of what GF is.
</P>
<H2>Applications</H2>
<P>
GF can be used for building
</P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/translator/">translation systems</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/minibar/minibar.html">multilingual web gadgets</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~hallgren/Alfa/Tutorial/GFplugin.html">natural-language interfaces</A>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bfaYHWS6zU">dialogue systems</A>
<LI><A HREF="lib/doc/synopsis.html">natural language resources</A>
</UL>
<H2>Availability</H2>
<P>
GF is <B>open-source</B>, licensed under <A HREF="LICENSE">GPL</A> (the program) and
<A HREF="./LICENSE">LGPL</A> and <A HREF="./LICENSE">BSD</A> (the libraries). It
is available for
</P>
<UL>
<LI>Linux
<LI>Mac OS X
<LI>Windows
<li>Android mobile platform (via Java; runtime)
<LI>via compilation to JavaScript, almost any platform that has a web browser (runtime)
</UL>
<H2>Projects</H2>
<P>
GF was first created in 1998 at
<A HREF="http://www.xrce.xerox.com/">Xerox Research Centre Europe</A>,
Grenoble, in the project
Multilingual Document Authoring. At Xerox, it was used for prototypes including
a restaurant phrase book,
a database query system,
a formalization of an alarm system instructions with translations to 5 languages, and
an authoring system for medical drug descriptions.
</P>
<P>
Later projects using GF and involving third parties include, in chronological order,
</P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.cs.chalmers.se/~hallgren/Alfa/Tutorial/GFplugin.html">GF-Alfa</A>:
natural language interface to formal proofs
<LI><A HREF="http://efficient.citi.tudor.lu/index_noframe.html">Efficient</A>:
authoring tool for business models.
<LI><A HREF="http://www.key-project.org/">GF-KeY</A>:
authoring and translation of software specifications
<LI><A HREF="http://www.talk-project.org">TALK</A>:
multilingual and multimodal spoken dialogue systems
<LI><A HREF="http://webalt.math.helsinki.fi/">WebALT</A>:
multilingual generation of mathematical exercises (commercial project)
<LI><A HREF="http://spraakbanken.gu.se/sal/">SALDO</A>:
Swedish morphological dictionary based on rules developed for GF and
<A HREF="http://www.cse.chalmers.se/alumni/markus/FM/">Functional Morphology</A>
<LI><a href="http://www.molto-project.eu">MOLTO</a>:
multilingual online translation
<LI><a href="http://remu.grammaticalframework.org">REMU</a>:
reliable multilingual digital communication.
</UL>
<p>
Here is a <a
href="http://videos.xrce.xerox.com/index.php/videos/index/618">talk
about GF at XRCE</a>,
14 years later.
<P>
Academically, GF has been used in at least ten PhD theses and resulted
in more than a hundred
scientific publications (see <A HREF="doc/gf-bibliography.html">GF publication list</A>).
</P>
<H2>Programming in GF</H2>
<P>
GF is easy to learn by following the <A HREF="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">tutorial</A>.
You can write your first translator in 15 minutes.
</P>
<P>
GF has an interactive command interpreter, as well as a batch compiler.
Grammars can be compiled to parser and translator code in many different
formats. These components can then be embedded in applications written
in other programming languages. The formats currently supported are:
</P>
<UL>
<LI>Haskell
<li>Java, in particular the Android platform
<LI>JavaScript
<LI>Speech recognition: HTK/ATK, Nuance, JSGF
</UL>
<P>
The GF programming language is high-level and advanced, featuring
</P>
<UL>
<LI>static type checking
<LI>higher-order functions
<LI>dependent types
<LI>pattern matching with data constructors and regular expressions
<LI>module system with multiple inheritance and parametrized modules
</UL>
<h3>Getting help</h3>
<p>
If you need some help with GF, the first places to start are the <a href="doc/tutorial/gf-tutorial.html">Tutorial</a> and <a href="doc/gf-refman.html">Reference</a> pages.
The printed <a href="gf-book">book</a> contains all the material in the tutorial and some extra bits, and is the recommended reference for GF.
</p>
<p>
We run the IRC channel <strong><code>#gf</code></strong> on the Freenode network, where you are welcome to look for help with small questions or just start a general discussion.
IRC logs (in raw format) are available <a href="irc/">here</a>.
If you have a larger question which the community may benefit from, we recommend you ask it on the <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/gf-dev">mailing list</a>.
</p>
<H2>Libraries</H2>
<P>
Libraries are at the heart of modern software engineering. In natural language
applications, libraries are a way to cope with thousands of details involved in
syntax, lexicon, and inflection. The
<A HREF="lib/doc/synopsis.html">GF resource grammar library</A> has
support for an increasing number of languages, currently including
</P>
<ol class=languages>
<LI>Afrikaans
<LI>Amharic (partial)
<LI>Arabic (partial)
<LI>Bulgarian
<LI>Catalan
<LI>Chinese
<LI>Danish
<LI>Dutch
<LI>English
<LI>Estonian
<LI>Finnish
<LI>French
<LI>German
<li>Greek ancient (partial)
<li>Greek modern
<li>Hebrew (fragments)
<LI>Hindi
<LI><A HREF="http://www.interlingua.com/">Interlingua</A>
<LI>Japanese
<LI>Italian
<LI>Latin (fragments)
<LI>Latvian
<li>Maltese
<li>Mongolian
<LI>Nepali
<LI>Norwegian bokmål
<LI>Norwegian nynorsk
<LI>Persian
<LI>Polish
<li>Punjabi
<LI>Romanian
<LI>Russian
<LI>Sindhi
<LI>Slovene (partial)
<LI>Spanish
<li>Swahili (fragments)
<LI>Swedish
<LI>Thai
<LI>Turkish (fragments)
<LI>Urdu
</ol>
<P>
Adding a language to the resource library takes 3 to 9
months - contributions
are welcome! You can start with the <A HREF="doc/gf-lrec-2010.pdf">resource grammarian's tutorial</A>.
<script type="text/javascript">
var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
try {
var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-7811807-3");
pageTracker._trackPageview();
} catch(err) {}</script>
</BODY>
</HTML>