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LayoutLMv3: Pre-training for Document AI with Unified Text and Image Masking
Unlike previous LayoutLM series models, LayoutLMv3 does not rely on complex CNN or Faster R-CNN networks to represent images in its model architecture. Instead, it directly utilizes image blocks of document images, thereby greatly reducing parameters and avoiding complex document preprocessing such as manual annotation of target region boxes and document object detection. Its simple unified architecture and training objectives make LayoutLMv3 a versatile pretraining model suitable for both text-centric and image-centric document AI tasks.
The experimental results demonstrate that LayoutLMv3 achieves better performance with fewer parameters on the following datasets:
- Text-centric datasets: Form Understanding FUNSD dataset, Receipt Understanding CORD dataset, and Document Visual Question Answering DocVQA dataset.
- Image-centric datasets: Document Image Classification RVL-CDIP dataset and Document Layout Analysis PubLayNet dataset.
LayoutLMv3 also employs a text-image multimodal Transformer architecture to learn cross-modal representations. Text vectors are obtained by adding word vectors, one-dimensional positional vectors, and two-dimensional positional vectors of words. Text from document images and their corresponding two-dimensional positional information (layout information) are extracted using optical character recognition (OCR) tools. As adjacent words in text often convey similar semantics, LayoutLMv3 shares the two-dimensional positional vectors of adjacent words, while each word in LayoutLM and LayoutLMv2 has different two-dimensional positional vectors.
The representation of image vectors typically relies on CNN-extracted feature grid features or Faster R-CNN-extracted region features, which increase computational costs or depend on region annotations. Therefore, the authors obtain image features by linearly mapping image blocks, a representation method initially proposed in ViT, which incurs minimal computational cost and does not rely on region annotations, effectively addressing the aforementioned issues. Specifically, the image is first resized to a uniform size (e.g., 224x224), then divided into fixed-size blocks (e.g., 16x16), and image features are obtained through linear mapping to form an image feature sequence, followed by addition of a learnable one-dimensional positional vector to obtain the image vector.[1]
Figure 1. LayoutLMv3 architecture [1]
According to our experiments, the performance and accuracy evaluation（Model Evaluation） results of training (Model Training) on the XFUND Chinese dataset are as follows:
| Model | Task | Context | Dateset | Model Params | Batch size | Graph train 1P (s/epoch) | Graph train 1P (ms/step) | Graph train 1P (FPS) | hmean | Config | Download |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LayoutLMv3 | SER | D910x1-MS2.1-G | XFUND_zh | 265.8 M | 8 | 19.53 | 1094.86 | 7.37 | 91.88% | yaml | ckpt(TODO) |
Please refer to the installation instruction in MindOCR.
The XFUND dataset is used as the experimental dataset. The XFUND dataset is a multilingual dataset proposed by Microsoft for the Knowledge-Intensive Extraction (KIE) task. It consists of seven datasets, each containing 149 training samples and 50 validation samples.
Respectively: ZH (Chinese), JA (Japanese), ES (Spanish), FR (French), IT (Italian), DE (German), PT (Portuguese)
a preprocessed Chinese dataset that can be directly used is provided for everyone to download.
mkdir train_data
cd train_data
wget https://download.mindspore.cn/toolkits/mindocr/vi-layoutxlm/XFUND.tar && tar -xf XFUND.tar
cd ..After decompression, the data folder structure is as follows:
└─ zh_train/ Training set
├── image/ Folder for storing images
├── train.json Annotation information
└─ zh_val/ Validation set
├── image/ Folder for storing images
├── val.json Annotation information
The annotation format of this dataset is:
{
"height": 3508, # Image height
"width": 2480, # Image width
"ocr_info": [
{
"text": "邮政地址:", # Single text content
"label": "question", # Category of the text
"bbox": [261, 802, 483, 859], # Single text box
"id": 54, # Text index
"linking": [[54, 60]], # Relationships between the current text and other texts [question, answer]
"words": []
},
{
"text": "湖南省怀化市市辖区",
"label": "answer",
"bbox": [487, 810, 862, 859],
"id": 60,
"linking": [[54, 60]],
"words": []
}
]
}The data configuration for model training.
If you want to reproduce the training of the model, it is recommended to modify the dataset-related fields in the configuration YAML file as follows:
...
train:
...
dataset:
type: KieDataset
dataset_root: path/to/dataset/ # Root directory of the training dataset
data_dir: XFUND/zh_train/image/ # Directory of the training dataset, concatenated with `dataset_root` to form the complete directory of the training dataset
label_file: XFUND/zh_train/train.json # Path to the label file of the training dataset, concatenated with `dataset_root` to form the complete path of the label file of the training dataset
...
eval:
dataset:
type: KieDataset
dataset_root: path/to/dataset/ # Root directory of the validation dataset
data_dir: XFUND/zh_val/image/ # Directory of the validation dataset, concatenated with `dataset_root` to form the complete directory of the validation dataset
label_file: XFUND/zh_val/val.json # Path to the label file of the validation dataset, concatenated with `dataset_root` to form the complete path of the label file of the validation dataset
...
Apart from the dataset setting, please also check the following important args: system.distribute, system.val_while_train, common.batch_size, train.ckpt_save_dir, train.dataset.dataset_path, eval.ckpt_load_path, eval.dataset.dataset_path, eval.loader.batch_size. Explanations of these important args:
system:
mode:
distribute: False # `True` for distributed training, `False` for standalone training
amp_level: 'O0'
seed: 42
val_while_train: True # Validate while training
drop_overflow_update: False
model:
type: kie
transform: null
backbone:
name: layoutlmv3
head:
name: TokenClassificationHead
num_classes: 7
use_visual_backbone: True
use_float16: True
pretrained:
...
train:
ckpt_save_dir: './tmp_kie_ser' # The training result (including checkpoints, per-epoch performance and curves) saving directory
dataset_sink_mode: False
dataset:
type: KieDataset
dataset_root: path/to/dataset/ # Path of training dataset
data_dir: XFUND/zh_train/image/ # Path of training dataset data dir
label_file: XFUND/zh_train/train.json # Path of training dataset label file
...
eval:
ckpt_load_path: './tmp_kie_ser/best.ckpt' # checkpoint file path
dataset_sink_mode: False
dataset:
type: KieDataset
dataset_root: path/to/dataset/ # Path of evaluation dataset
data_dir: XFUND/zh_val/image/ # Path of evaluation dataset data dir
label_file: XFUND/zh_val/val.json # Path of evaluation dataset label file
...
...
...Notes:
- As the global batch size (batch_size x num_devices) is important for reproducing the result, please adjust
batch_sizeaccordingly to keep the global batch size unchanged for a different number of NPUs, or adjust the learning rate linearly to a new global batch size.
- Distributed Training
It is easy to reproduce the reported results with the pre-defined training recipe. For distributed training on multiple Ascend 910 devices, please modify the configuration parameter distribute as True and run:
# distributed training on multiple Ascend devices
mpirun --allow-run-as-root -n 8 python tools/train.py --config configs/kie/layoutlmv3/ser_layoutlmv3_xfund_zh.yaml- Standalone Training
If you want to train or finetune the model on a smaller dataset without distributed training, please modify the configuration parameterdistribute as False and run:
# standalone training on a CPU/Ascend device
python tools/train.py --config configs/kie/layoutlmv3/ser_layoutlmv3_xfund_zh.yamlThe training result (including checkpoints, per-epoch performance and curves) will be saved in the directory parsed by the arg ckpt_save_dir. The default directory is ./tmp_kie_ser.
To evaluate the accuracy of the trained model, you can use eval.py. Please set the checkpoint path to the arg ckpt_load_path in the eval section of yaml config file, set distribute to be False, and then run:
python tools/eval.py --config configs/kie/layoutlmv3/ser_layoutlmv3_xfund_zh.yaml
To perform inference using a pre-trained model, you can utilize tools/infer/text/predict_ser.py for inference and visualize the results.
python tools/infer/text/predict_ser.py --rec_algorithm CRNN_CH --image_dir {dir of images or path of image}
As an example of entity recognition in Chinese forms, use the script to recognize entities in the form of configs/kie/vi_layoutxlm/example.jpg. The results will be stored in the ./inference_results folder by default, and you can also customize the result storage path through the --draw_img_save_dir command-line parameter.
example.jpg
Recognition results are as shown in the image, and the image is saved as`inference_results/example_ser.jpg`：
example_ser.jpg
[1] Yupan Huang, Tengchao Lv, Lei Cui, Yutong Lu, Furu Wei. LayoutLMv3: Pre-training for Document AI with Unified Text and Image Masking. arXiv preprint arXiv:2204.08387, 2022.