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Kofi

Impetus

Packaging status

Linux lacks a good key remapping solution. In order to achieve satisfactory results a medley of tools need to be employed (e.g xcape, xmodmap) with the end result often being tethered to a specified environment (X11). keyd attempts to solve this problem by providing a flexible system wide daemon which remaps keys using kernel level input primitives (evdev, uinput).

Note on v2

The config format has undergone several iterations since the first release. For those migrating their configs from v1 it is best to reread the man page.

See also: changelog.

Goals

  • Speed (a hand tuned input loop written in C that takes <<1ms)
  • Simplicity (a config format that is intuitive)
  • Consistency (modifiers that play nicely with layers by default)
  • Modularity (a UNIXy core extensible through the use of an IPC mechanism)

Features

keyd has several unique features many of which are traditionally only found in custom keyboard firmware like QMK as well as some which are unique to keyd.

Some of the more interesting ones include:

  • Layers (with support for hybrid modifiers).
  • Key overloading (different behaviour on tap/hold).
  • Keyboard specific configuration.
  • Instantaneous remapping (no more flashing :)).
  • A client-server model that facilitates scripting and display server agnostic application remapping. (Currently ships with support for X, sway, and gnome (wayland)).
  • System wide config (works in a VT).
  • First class support for modifier overloading.
  • Unicode support.

keyd is for people who:

  • Would like to experiment with custom layers (i.e custom shift keys) and oneshot modifiers.
  • Want to have multiple keyboards with different layouts on the same machine.
  • Want to be able to remap C-1 without breaking modifier semantics.
  • Want a keyboard config format which is easy to grok.
  • Like tiny daemons that adhere to the Unix philosophy.
  • Want to put the control and escape keys where God intended.
  • Wish to be able to switch to a VT to debug something without breaking their keymap.

What keyd isn't:

  • A tool for programming individual key up/down events.

Dependencies

  • Your favourite C compiler
  • Linux kernel headers (already present on most systems)

Optional

  • python (for application specific remapping)
  • python-xlib (only for X support)
  • dbus-python (only for KDE support)

Installation

Note: master serves as the development branch, things may occasionally break between releases. Releases are tagged, and should be considered stable.

From Source

git clone https://github.com/rvaiya/keyd
cd keyd
make && sudo make install
sudo systemctl enable --now keyd

Quickstart

  1. Install and start keyd (e.g sudo systemctl enable keyd --now)

  2. Put the following in /etc/keyd/default.conf:

[ids]

*

[main]

# Maps capslock to escape when pressed and control when held.
capslock = overload(control, esc)

# Remaps the escape key to capslock
esc = capslock

Key names can be obtained by using the keyd monitor command. Note that while keyd is running, the output of this command will correspond to keyd's output. The original input events can be seen by first stopping keyd and then running the command. See the man page for more details.

  1. Run sudo keyd reload to reload the config set.

  2. See the man page (man keyd) for a more comprehensive description.

Config errors will appear in the log output and can be accessed in the usual way using your system's service manager (e.g sudo journalctl -eu keyd).

Note: It is possible to render your machine unusable with a bad config file. Should you find yourself in this position, the special key sequence backspace+escape+enter should cause keyd to terminate.

Some mice (e.g the Logitech MX Master) are capable of emitting keys and are consequently matched by the wildcard id. It may be necessary to explicitly blacklist these.

Application Specific Remapping (experimental)

  • Add yourself to the keyd group:

    usermod -aG keyd <user>

  • Populate ~/.config/keyd/app.conf:

E.G

[alacritty]

alt.] = macro(C-g n)
alt.[ = macro(C-g p)

[chromium]

alt.[ = C-S-tab
alt.] = macro(C-tab)

  • Run:

    keyd-application-mapper

You will probably want to put keyd-application-mapper -d somewhere in your display server initialization logic (e.g ~/.xinitrc) unless you are running Gnome.

See the man page for more details.

SBC support

Experimental support for single board computers (SBCs) via usb-gadget has been added courtesy of Giorgi Chavchanidze.

See usb-gadget.md for details.

Packages

Third party packages for the some distributions also exist. If you wish to add yours to the list please file a PR. These are kindly maintained by community members, no personal responsibility is taken for them.

Alpine Linux

keyd package maintained by @jirutka.

Arch

Arch Linux package maintained by Arch packagers.

Debian

Experimental keyd and keyd-application-mapper packages can be found in the CI build artifacts of the work-in-progress Debian package repository:

Any Debian Developer who is willing to review the debianization effort and sponsor its upload is encouraged to contact @rhansen (also see the Debian ITP bug).

Fedora

COPR package maintained by @alternateved.

openSUSE

opensuse package maintained by @bubbleguuum.

Easy install with sudo zypper in keyd.

Ubuntu

Experimental keyd and keyd-application-mapper packages can be found in the ppa:keyd-team/ppa archive.

If you wish to help maintain this PPA, please contact @rhansen.

Sample Config

[ids]

*

[main]

leftshift = oneshot(shift)
capslock = overload(symbols, esc)

[symbols]

d = ~
f = /
...

Recommended config

Many users will probably not be interested in taking full advantage of keyd. For those who seek simple quality of life improvements I can recommend the following config:

[ids]

*

[main]

shift = oneshot(shift)
meta = oneshot(meta)
control = oneshot(control)

leftalt = oneshot(alt)
rightalt = oneshot(altgr)

capslock = overload(control, esc)
insert = S-insert

This overloads the capslock key to function as both escape (when tapped) and control (when held) and remaps all modifiers to 'oneshot' keys. Thus to produce the letter A you can now simply tap shift and then a instead of having to hold it. Finally it remaps insert to S-insert (paste on X11).

FAQS

What about xmodmap/setxkbmap/*?

xmodmap and friends are display server level tools with limited functionality. keyd is a system level solution which implements advanced features like layering and oneshot modifiers. While some X tools offer similar functionality I am not aware of anything that is as flexible as keyd.

What about kmonad?

keyd was written several years ago to allow me to easily experiment with different layouts on my growing keyboard collection. At the time kmonad did not exist and custom keyboard firmware like QMK (which inspired keyd) was the only way to get comparable features. I became aware of kmonad after having published keyd. While kmonad is a fine project with similar goals, it takes a different approach and has a different design philosophy.

Notably keyd was written entirely in C with performance and simplicitly in mind and will likely never be as configurable as kmonad (which is extensible in Haskell). Having said that, it supplies (in the author's opinion) the most valuable features in less than 2000 lines of C while providing a simple language agnostic config format.

Why doesn't keyd implement feature X?

If you feel something is missing or find a bug you are welcome to file an issue on github. keyd has a minimalist (but sane) design philosophy which intentionally omits certain features (e.g execing arbitrary executables as root). Things which already exist in custom keyboard firmware like QMK are good candidates for inclusion.

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING. IRC Channel: #keyd on oftc