oz.c

/*** Includes: ***/
#define _DEFAULT_SOURCE
#define _BSD_SOURCE
#define _GNU_SOURCE

#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

/*** Defines: ***/
#define OZ_VERSION "0.1.3"
#define OZ_TAB_STOP 4
#define OZ_QUIT_TIMES 2

#define CTRL_KEY(k) ((k)&0x1f)

#define EMPTY_LINE_CHAR '?'
#define EMPTY_LINE_STR "?"

enum editorKey {
    BACKSPACE = 127,
    ARROW_LEFT = 1000,
    ARROW_RIGHT,
    ARROW_UP,
    ARROW_DOWN,
    HOME_KEY,
    DEL_KEY,
    END_KEY,
    PAGE_UP,
    PAGE_DOWN
};
/*** Data: ***/
typedef struct erow {
    int size;
    int rsize;
    char* chars;
    char* render;
} erow;

struct editorConfig {
    int cx, cy;
    int rx;
    int rowoff;
    int coloff;
    int screenrows;
    int screencols;
    int numrows;
    erow* row;
    int dirty;
    char* filename;
    char statusmsg[80];
    time_t statusmsg_time;
    struct termios orig_termios;
};

struct editorConfig E;

/*** Prototypes: ***/
void editorSetStatusMessage(const char* fmt, ...);
void editorRefreshScreen();
char* editorPrompt(char* prompt, void (*callback)(char*, int));

/*** Terminal: ***/
void die(const char* s)
{
    write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[2J", 4);
    write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[H", 3);

    perror(s);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

void disableRawMode()
{
    if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &E.orig_termios) == -1) {
        die("tcsetattr");
    }
}

void enableRawMode()
{
    if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &E.orig_termios) == -1) {
        die("tcgetattr");
    }
    atexit(disableRawMode);

    struct termios raw = E.orig_termios;

    raw.c_iflag &= ~(BRKINT | ICRNL | INPCK | ISTRIP | IXON);
    raw.c_oflag &= ~(OPOST);
    raw.c_cflag |= (CS8);
    raw.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO | ICANON | IEXTEN | ISIG);
    raw.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;
    raw.c_cc[VTIME] = 1;

    if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &raw) == -1) {
        die("tcsetattr");
    }
}

int editorReadKey()
{
    int nread;
    char c;
    while ((nread = read(STDIN_FILENO, &c, 1)) != 1) {
        if (nread == -1 && errno != EAGAIN) {
            die("read");
        }
    }
    if (c == '\x1b') {
        char seq[3];
        if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &seq[0], 1) != 1) {
            return '\x1b';
        }
        if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &seq[1], 1) != 1) {
            return '\x1b';
        }

        if (seq[0] == '[') {
            if (seq[1] >= '0' && seq[1] <= '9') {
                if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &seq[2], 1) != 1) {
                    return '\x1b';
                }
                if (seq[2] == EMPTY_LINE_CHAR) {
                    switch (seq[1]) {
                    case '1':
                        return HOME_KEY;
                    case '3':
                        return DEL_KEY;
                    case '4':
                        return END_KEY;
                    case '5':
                        return PAGE_UP;
                    case '6':
                        return PAGE_DOWN;
                    case '7':
                        return HOME_KEY;
                    case '8':
                        return END_KEY;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                switch (seq[1]) {
                case 'A':
                    return ARROW_UP;
                case 'B':
                    return ARROW_DOWN;
                case 'C':
                    return ARROW_RIGHT;
                case 'D':
                    return ARROW_LEFT;
                case 'H':
                    return HOME_KEY;
                case 'F':
                    return END_KEY;
                }
            }
        } else if (seq[0] == 'O') {
            switch (seq[1]) {
            case 'H':
                return HOME_KEY;
            case 'F':
                return END_KEY;
            }
        }

        return '\x1b';
    } else {
        return c;
    }
}

int getCursorPosition(int* rows, int* cols)
{
    char buf[32];
    unsigned int i = 0;

    if (write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[6n", 4) != 4) {
        return -1;
    }

    while (i < sizeof(buf) - 1) {
        if (read(STDIN_FILENO, &buf[i], 1) != 1) {
            break;
        }
        if (buf[i] == 'R') {
            break;
        }
        i++;
    }
    buf[i] = '\0';

    if (buf[0] != '\x1b' || buf[1] != '[') {
        return -1;
    }
    if (sscanf(&buf[2], "%d;%d", rows, cols) != 2) {
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

int getWindowSize(int* rows, int* cols)
{
    struct winsize ws;

    if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) == -1 || ws.ws_col == 0) {
        if (write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[999C\x1b[999B", 12) != 12) {
            return -1;
        }
        return getCursorPosition(rows, cols);
    } else {
        *cols = ws.ws_col;
        *rows = ws.ws_row;
        return 0;
    }
}

/*** Row operations: ***/
int editorRowCxToRx(erow* row, int cx)
{
    int rx = 0;
    int j;
    for (j = 0; j < cx; j++) {
        if (row->chars[j] == '\t') {
            rx += (OZ_TAB_STOP - 1) - (rx % OZ_TAB_STOP);
        }
        rx++;
    }
    return rx;
}

int editorRowRxToCx(erow* row, int rx)
{
    int cur_rx = 0;
    int cx;

    for (cx = 0; cx < row->size; cx++) {
        if (row->chars[cx] == '\t') {
            cur_rx += (OZ_TAB_STOP - 1) - (cur_rx % OZ_TAB_STOP);
        }
        cur_rx++;

        if (cur_rx > rx) {
            return cx;
        }
    }
    return cx;
}

void editorUpdateRow(erow* row)
{
    int tabs = 0;
    int j;
    for (j = 0; j < row->size; j++) {
        if (row->chars[j] == '\t') {
            tabs++;
        }
    }
    free(row->render);
    row->render = malloc(row->size + tabs * (OZ_TAB_STOP - 1) + 1);

    int idx = 0;
    for (j = 0; j < row->size; j++) {
        if (row->chars[j] == '\t') {
            row->render[idx++] = ' ';
            while (idx % OZ_TAB_STOP != 0) {
                row->render[idx++] = ' ';
            }
        } else {
            row->render[idx++] = row->chars[j];
        }
    }
    row->render[idx] = '\0';
    row->rsize = idx;
}

void editorInsertRow(int at, char* s, size_t len)
{
    if (at < 0 || at > E.numrows) {
        return;
    }

    E.row = realloc(E.row, sizeof(erow) * (E.numrows + 1));
    memmove(&E.row[at + 1], &E.row[at], sizeof(erow) * (E.numrows - at));

    E.row[at].size = len;
    E.row[at].chars = malloc(len + 1);
    memcpy(E.row[at].chars, s, len);
    E.row[at].chars[len] = '\0';

    E.row[at].rsize = 0;
    E.row[at].render = NULL;
    editorUpdateRow(&E.row[at]);

    E.numrows++;
    E.dirty++;
}

void editorFreeRow(erow* row)
{
    free(row->render);
    free(row->chars);
}

void editorDelRow(int at)
{
    if (at < 0 || at >= E.numrows) {
        return;
    }
    editorFreeRow(&E.row[at]);
    memmove(&E.row[at], &E.row[at + 1], sizeof(erow) * (E.numrows - at - 1));
    E.numrows--;
    E.dirty++;
}

void editorRowInsertChar(erow* row, int at, int c)
{
    if (at < 0 || at > row->size) {
        at = row->size;
    }
    row->chars = realloc(row->chars, row->size + 2);

    memmove(&row->chars[at + 1], &row->chars[at], row->size - at + 1);
    row->size++;
    row->chars[at] = c;
    editorUpdateRow(row);
    E.dirty++;
}

void editorRowAppendString(erow* row, char* s, size_t len)
{
    row->chars = realloc(row->chars, row->size + len + 1);
    memcpy(&row->chars[row->size], s, len);
    row->size += len;
    row->chars[row->size] = '\0';
    editorUpdateRow(row);
    E.dirty++;
}

void editorRowDelChar(erow* row, int at)
{
    if (at < 0 || at >= row->size) {
        return;
    }
    memmove(&row->chars[at], &row->chars[at + 1], row->size - at);
    row->size--;
    editorUpdateRow(row);
    E.dirty++;
}

/*** Editor operations: ***/
void editorInsertChar(int c)
{
    if (E.cy == E.numrows) {
        editorInsertRow(E.numrows, "", 0);
    }
    editorRowInsertChar(&E.row[E.cy], E.cx, c);
    E.cx++;
}

void editorInsertNewline()
{
    if (E.cx == 0) {
        editorInsertRow(E.cy, "", 0);
    } else {
        erow* row = &E.row[E.cy];
        editorInsertRow(E.cy + 1, &row->chars[E.cx], row->size - E.cx);
        row = &E.row[E.cy];
        row->size = E.cx;
        row->chars[row->size] = '\0';
        editorUpdateRow(row);
    }
    E.cy++;
    E.cx = 0;
}

void editorDelChar()
{
    if (E.cy == E.numrows) {
        return;
    }
    if (E.cx == 0 && E.cy == 0) {
        return;
    }

    erow* row = &E.row[E.cy];
    if (E.cx > 0) {
        editorRowDelChar(row, E.cx - 1);
        E.cx--;
    } else {
        E.cx = E.row[E.cy - 1].size;
        editorRowAppendString(&E.row[E.cy - 1], row->chars, row->size);
        editorDelRow(E.cy);
        E.cy--;
    }
}

/*** File i/o: ***/
char* editorRowsToString(int* buflen)
{
    int totlen = 0;
    int j;
    for (j = 0; j < E.numrows; j++) {
        totlen += E.row[j].size + 1;
    }
    *buflen = totlen;

    char* buf = malloc(totlen);
    char* p = buf;
    for (j = 0; j < E.numrows; j++) {
        memcpy(p, E.row[j].chars, E.row[j].size);
        p += E.row[j].size;
        *p = '\n';
        p++;
    }

    return buf;
}

void editorOpen(char* filename)
{
    free(E.filename);
    E.filename = strdup(filename);

    FILE* fp = fopen(filename, "r");
    if (!fp) {
        die("fopen");
    }

    char* line = NULL;
    size_t linecap = 0;
    ssize_t linelen;
    while ((linelen = getline(&line, &linecap, fp)) != -1) {
        while (linelen > 0 && (line[linelen - 1] == '\n' || line[linelen - 1] == '\r')) {
            linelen--;
        }

        editorInsertRow(E.numrows, line, linelen);
    }

    free(line);
    fclose(fp);
    E.dirty = 0;
}

void editorSave()
{
    if (E.filename == NULL) {
        E.filename = editorPrompt("Save as: %s (ESC to cancel)", NULL);
        if (E.filename == NULL) {
            editorSetStatusMessage("Save aborted.");
            return;
        }
    }

    int len;
    char* buf = editorRowsToString(&len);

    int fd = open(E.filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0644);
    if (fd != -1) {
        if (ftruncate(fd, len) != -1) {
            if (write(fd, buf, len) == len) {
                close(fd);
                free(buf);
                E.dirty = 0;
                editorSetStatusMessage("%d bytes written to disk.", len);
                return;
            }
        }
        close(fd);
    }

    free(buf);
    editorSetStatusMessage("Can't save! I/O error: %s", strerror(errno));
}

/*** Find: ***/
void editorFindCallback(char* query, int key)
{
    static int last_match = -1;
    static int direction = 1;

    if (key == '\r' || key == '\x1b') {
        last_match = -1;
        direction = 1;
        return;
    } else if (key == ARROW_RIGHT || key == ARROW_DOWN) {
        direction = 1;
    } else if (key == ARROW_LEFT || key == ARROW_UP) {
        direction = -1;
    } else {
        last_match = -1;
        direction = 1;
    }

    if (last_match == -1) {
        direction = 1;
    }
    int current = last_match;

    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < E.numrows; i++) {
        current += direction;
        if (current == -1) {
            current = E.numrows - 1;
        } else if (current == E.numrows) {
            current = 0;
        }
        erow* row = &E.row[current];
        char* match = strstr(row->render, query);
        if (match) {
            last_match = current;
            E.cy = current;
            E.cx = editorRowRxToCx(row, match - row->render);
            E.cx = match - row->render;
            E.rowoff = E.numrows;
            break;
        }
    }
}

void editorFind()
{
    int saved_cx = E.cx;
    int saved_cy = E.cy;
    int saved_coloff = E.coloff;
    int saved_rowoff = E.rowoff;

    char* query = editorPrompt("Search: %s (Use ESC/Arrows/Enter)", editorFindCallback);

    if (query) {
        free(query);
    } else {
        E.cx = saved_cx;
        E.cy = saved_cy;
        E.coloff = saved_coloff;
        E.rowoff = saved_rowoff;
    }
}

/*** Append buffer: ***/
struct abuf {
    char* b;
    int len;
};

#define ABUF_INIT \
    {             \
        NULL, 0   \
    }

void abAppend(struct abuf* ab, const char* s, int len)
{
    char* new = realloc(ab->b, ab->len + len);

    if (new == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    memcpy(&new[ab->len], s, len);
    ab->b = new;
    ab->len += len;
}

void abFree(struct abuf* ab) { free(ab->b); }

/*** Output: ***/

void editorScroll()
{
    E.rx = E.cx;

    if (E.cy < E.numrows) {
        E.rx = editorRowCxToRx(&E.row[E.cy], E.cx);
    }

    if (E.cy < E.rowoff) {
        E.rowoff = E.cy;
    }
    if (E.cy >= E.rowoff + E.screenrows) {
        E.rowoff = E.cy - E.screenrows + 1;
    }
    if (E.rx < E.coloff) {
        E.coloff = E.rx;
    }
    if (E.rx >= E.coloff + E.screencols) {
        E.coloff = E.rx - E.screencols + 1;
    }
}

void editorDrawRows(struct abuf* ab)
{
    int y;

    for (y = 0; y < E.screenrows; y++) {
        int filerow = y + E.rowoff;
        if (filerow >= E.numrows) {

            if (y == 0) {
                // Skip the first line.
            } else if (E.numrows == 0 && y == E.screenrows / 3) {
                char welcome[80];
                int welcomelen = snprintf(welcome, sizeof(welcome),
                    "OZ editor -- version %s", OZ_VERSION);
                if (welcomelen > E.screencols) {
                    welcomelen = E.screencols;
                }
                int padding = (E.screencols - welcomelen) / 2;
                if (padding) {
                    abAppend(ab, EMPTY_LINE_STR, 1);
                    padding--;
                }
                while (padding--) {
                    abAppend(ab, " ", 1);
                }
                abAppend(ab, welcome, welcomelen);
            } else {
                abAppend(ab, EMPTY_LINE_STR, 1);
            }
        } else {
            int len = E.row[filerow].rsize - E.coloff;
            if (len < 0) {
                len = 0;
            }
            if (len > E.screencols) {
                len = E.screencols;
            }
            abAppend(ab, &E.row[filerow].render[E.coloff], len);
        }
        abAppend(ab, "\x1b[K", 3);
        abAppend(ab, "\r\n", 2);
    }
}

void editorDrawStatusBar(struct abuf* ab)
{
    abAppend(ab, "\x1b[7m", 4);
    char status[80];
    char rstatus[80];

    int len = snprintf(status, sizeof(status), "%.20s - %d lines %s",
        E.filename ? E.filename : "[No name]", E.numrows,
        E.dirty ? "(modified)" : "");
    int rlen = snprintf(rstatus, sizeof(rstatus), "%d%d", E.cy + 1, E.numrows);

    if (len > E.screencols) {
        len = E.screencols;
    }
    abAppend(ab, status, len);
    while (len < E.screencols) {
        if (E.screencols - len == rlen) {
            abAppend(ab, rstatus, rlen);
            break;
        } else {
            abAppend(ab, " ", 1);
            len++;
        }
    }
    abAppend(ab, "\x1b[m", 3);
    abAppend(ab, "\r\n", 2);
}

void editorDrawMessageBar(struct abuf* ab)
{
    abAppend(ab, "\x1b[K", 3);
    int msglen = strlen(E.statusmsg);

    if (msglen > E.screencols) {
        msglen = E.screencols;
    }
    if (msglen && time(NULL) - E.statusmsg_time < 5) {
        abAppend(ab, E.statusmsg, msglen);
    }
}

void editorRefreshScreen()
{
    editorScroll();

    struct abuf ab = ABUF_INIT;

    abAppend(&ab, "\x1b[?25l", 6);
    abAppend(&ab, "\x1b[H", 3);

    editorDrawRows(&ab);
    editorDrawStatusBar(&ab);
    editorDrawMessageBar(&ab);

    char buf[32];
    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\x1b[%d;%dH", (E.cy - E.rowoff) + 1,
        (E.rx - E.coloff) + 1);
    abAppend(&ab, buf, strlen(buf));

    abAppend(&ab, "\x1b[?25h", 6);

    write(STDOUT_FILENO, ab.b, ab.len);
    abFree(&ab);
}

void editorSetStatusMessage(const char* fmt, ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    vsnprintf(E.statusmsg, sizeof(E.statusmsg), fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    E.statusmsg_time = time(NULL);
}

/*** Input: ***/
char* editorPrompt(char* prompt, void (*callback)(char*, int))
{
    size_t bufsize = 128;
    char* buf = malloc(bufsize);

    size_t buflen = 0;
    buf[0] = '\0';

    while (1) {
        editorSetStatusMessage(prompt, buf);
        editorRefreshScreen();

        int c = editorReadKey();
        if (c == DEL_KEY || c == CTRL_KEY('h') || c == BACKSPACE) {
            if (buflen != 0) {
                buf[--buflen] = '\0';
            }
        } else if (c == '\x1b') {
            editorSetStatusMessage("");
            if (callback) {
                callback(buf, c);
            }
            free(buf);
            return NULL;
        } else if (c == '\r') {
            if (buflen != 0) {
                editorSetStatusMessage("");
                if (callback) {
                    callback(buf, c);
                }
                return buf;
            }
        } else if (!iscntrl(c) && c < 128) {
            if (buflen == bufsize - 1) {
                bufsize *= 2;
                buf = realloc(buf, bufsize);
            }
            buf[buflen++] = c;
            buf[buflen] = '\0';
        }

        if (callback) {
            callback(buf, c);
        }
    }
}

void editorMoveCursor(int key)
{
    erow* row = (E.cy >= E.numrows) ? NULL : &E.row[E.cy];

    switch (key) {
    case ARROW_LEFT:
        if (E.cx != 0) {
            E.cx--;
        } else if (E.cy > 0) {
            E.cy--;
            E.cx = E.row[E.cy].size;
        }
        break;
    case ARROW_RIGHT:
        if (row && E.cx < row->size) {
            E.cx++;
        } else if (row && E.cx == row->size) {
            E.cy++;
            E.cx = 0;
        }
        break;
    case ARROW_UP:
        if (E.cy != 0) {
            E.cy--;
        }
        break;
    case ARROW_DOWN:
        if (E.cy < E.numrows) {
            E.cy++;
        }
        break;
    }

    row = (E.cy >= E.numrows) ? NULL : &E.row[E.cy];
    int rowlen = row ? row->size : 0;
    if (E.cx > rowlen) {
        E.cx = rowlen;
    }
}

void editorProcessKeypress()
{
    static int quit_times = OZ_QUIT_TIMES;

    int c = editorReadKey();

    switch (c) {
    case '\r':
        editorInsertNewline();
        break;

    case CTRL_KEY('q'):
        if (E.dirty && quit_times > 0) {
            editorSetStatusMessage("WARNING!!! File has unsaved changes. Press "
                                   "Ctrl-Q %d more time%s to quit.",
                quit_times, quit_times > 1 ? "s" : "");
            quit_times--;
            return;
        }
        write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[2J", 4);
        write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[H", 3);
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
        break;

    case CTRL_KEY('s'):
        editorSave();
        break;

    case HOME_KEY:
        E.cx = 0;
        break;

    case END_KEY:
        if (E.cy < E.numrows) {
            E.cx = E.row[E.cy].size;
        }
        break;

    case CTRL_KEY('f'):
        editorFind();
        break;

    case BACKSPACE:
    case CTRL_KEY('h'):
    case DEL_KEY:
        if (c == DEL_KEY) {
            editorMoveCursor(ARROW_RIGHT);
        }
        editorDelChar();
        break;

    case PAGE_UP:
    case PAGE_DOWN: {
        if (c == PAGE_UP) {
            E.cy = E.rowoff;
        } else if (c == PAGE_DOWN) {
            E.cy = E.rowoff + E.screenrows - 1;
            if (E.cy > E.numrows) {
                E.cy = E.numrows;
            }
        }
        int times = E.screenrows;
        while (times--) {
            editorMoveCursor(c == PAGE_UP ? ARROW_UP : ARROW_DOWN);
        }
    } break;
    case ARROW_UP:
    case ARROW_DOWN:
    case ARROW_LEFT:
    case ARROW_RIGHT:
        editorMoveCursor(c);
        break;

    case CTRL_KEY('l'):
    case '\x1b':
        break;

    default:
        editorInsertChar(c);
        break;
    }

    quit_times = OZ_QUIT_TIMES;
}

/*** Init: ***/
void initEditor()
{
    E.cx = 0;
    E.cy = 0;
    E.rx = 0;
    E.rowoff = 0;
    E.coloff = 0;
    E.numrows = 0;
    E.row = NULL;
    E.dirty = 0;
    E.filename = NULL;
    E.statusmsg[0] = '\0';
    E.statusmsg_time = 0;

    if (getWindowSize(&E.screenrows, &E.screencols) == -1) {
        die("getWindowsize");
    }
    E.screenrows -= 2;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    enableRawMode();
    initEditor();

    if (argc >= 2) {
        editorOpen(argv[1]);
    }

    editorSetStatusMessage("HELP: Ctrl-S = Save | Ctrl-Q = Quit | Ctrl-F = Find");

    while (1) {
        editorRefreshScreen();
        editorProcessKeypress();
    }

    return 0;
}