JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) ek format hain jiske use se data ko exchange karne ke liye web applications mein istemaal kiya jaata hai. Yeh ek lightweight format hain jo human-readable bhi hota hain aur easily parse bhi ho jaata hain.
JSON ka use JavaScript mein data transmit karne ke liye kiya jaata hain, jaise ki server se client tak ya phir client se server tak. JSON format mein data key-value pairs ke form mein hota hain. Har key ek unique identifier hoti hain aur uske saath associated value hoti hain. Key aur value dono hi double quotes ke bich mein likhe jaate hain aur colon in dono ko separate karta hain.
Example ke taur par, agar hum ek student ki information ko JSON format mein store karna chahte hain toh woh is tarah se dikhega:
{
"name": "Rohan",
"age": 21,
"gender": "male",
"marks": [80, 85, 90],
"contact": {
"email": "[email protected]",
"phone": "1234567890"
}
}
Is example mein, name
, age
, gender
, marks
, aur contact
keys hain aur unke corresponding values hain. marks
array format mein hain, aur contact
ek object hain, jiska inner key-value pair hai.
Iss JSON data ko JavaScript mein use karne ke liye, hum JSON.parse()
method ka use karte hain jisse isse JavaScript objects mein convert kiya ja sakta hain:
const studentData = '{ "name": "Rohan", "age": 21, "gender": "male", "marks": [80, 85, 90], "contact": { "email": "[email protected]", "phone": "1234567890" } }';
const student = JSON.parse(studentData);
console.log(student.name); // Output: Rohan
Iss code snippet mein, JSON.parse()
method ka use karke hum studentData
ko JavaScript objects mein convert karte hain. Phir hum console.log()
se student
object ke name
property ko print karte hain jismein "Rohan"
output aayega.
Yehi JSON format ko use karke data exchange karne ka basic example hain.
XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a way to store and exchange data in a structured format, using tags similar to HTML. In JavaScript, XML can be used to transfer data between different systems or applications that may not share the same programming language or database technology.
For example, let's say you have a web application that needs to get data from an external API (Application Programming Interface). The response from this API may come back in XML format, containing information about products, customers, or some other data. You can parse this XML response in JavaScript using built-in methods such as XMLHttpRequest
or fetch
.
Here's an example of XML data:
<bookstore>
<book category="cooking">
<title>Everyday Italian</title>
<author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>30.00</price>
</book>
<book category="children">
<title>Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone</title>
<author>J.K. Rowling</author>
<year>1997</year>
<price>10.99</price>
</book>
</bookstore>
In this example, we have an XML document representing a bookstore, with two books in different categories, each with its own title, author, year, and price.
You can access the data in this XML document using JavaScript by first creating an instance of the DOMParser
object, which allows you to parse the XML data into an object that you can work with:
const xmlData = `
<bookstore>
<book category="cooking">
<title>Everyday Italian</title>
<author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>30.00</price>
</book>
<book category="children">
<title>Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone</title>
<author>J.K. Rowling</author>
<year>1997</year>
<price>10.99</price>
</book>
</bookstore>
`;
const parser = new DOMParser();
const xmlDoc = parser.parseFromString(xmlData, "text/xml");
In this example, we first define the XML data as a string. We then create a new DOMParser
object and use its parseFromString
method to parse the XML data into an XMLDocument
object called xmlDoc
.
Once you have parsed the XML data into an XMLDocument
object, you can access its elements and attributes using JavaScript:
const books = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName("book");
for (let i = 0; i < books.length; i++) {
const book = books[i];
const title = book.getElementsByTagName("title")[0].textContent;
const author = book.getElementsByTagName("author")[0].textContent;
const year = book.getElementsByTagName("year")[0].textContent;
const price = book.getElementsByTagName("price")[0].textContent;
console.log(`${title} by ${author}, published in ${year}, costs $${price}`);
}
In this example, we use the getElementsByTagName
method to get an array of all the book
elements in the XML document. We then loop over each book
element and extract its title
, author
, year
, and price
elements using the getElementsByTagName
method again. Finally, we log the information about each book to the console.