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hand in hand with antlr.htm
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<html>
<head>
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<body lang=ZH-CN link=blue vlink=purple style='text-justify-trim:punctuation'>
<div class=Section1 style='layout-grid:15.6pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:宋体'>林氏物语</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%'>.</span><span
style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:宋体'>技术乱弹</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:宋体'>之</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%'>hand in hand </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%'>with </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%'>antlr</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>版权声明：</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>本文由林氏原创，遵循</span><span lang=EN-US>GPL</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>许可，你可以自由地对本文进行任何目的的修改、转载、引用和发布，但基于此文所作的任何修改、转载、引用和发布品也需要遵循</span><span
lang=EN-US>GPL</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>许可，并要求在开头保留本声明。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>联系作者：如果您有什么样的批评与指教，欢迎发</span><span
lang=EN-US>email</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>到</span><span lang=EN-US>
[email protected];</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:宋体'>如需获取最新的更新，请在</span><span lang=EN-US>email</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'>的</span><span lang=EN-US>subject</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'>填写</span><span lang=EN-US>get 010</span><span
lang=EN-US>4</span><span lang=EN-US>0</span><span lang=EN-US>2</span><span
lang=EN-US>00</span><span lang=EN-US>1</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
宋体'>发送至</span><span lang=EN-US> [email protected];</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:宋体'>如需获取林氏物语系列文章的列表，请在</span><span lang=EN-US>email</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'>的</span><span lang=EN-US>subject</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'>填写</span><span lang=EN-US>get list</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'>发送至</span><span lang=EN-US>:</span><span
lang=EN-US>[email protected];</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>如需获取林氏物语系列文章，请在</span><span
lang=EN-US>email</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>的</span><span lang=EN-US>subject</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>填写</span><span lang=EN-US>get all</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>发送至</span><span lang=EN-US>:[email protected];</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>由于没有自己的邮件服务器，没有找到带附件自动回复的免费邮件服务器，采用客户端带附件自动回复，所以是非即时性回复，最迟回复时间尽量不超过一周，请勿发送多次。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US>l </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>本文编号</span><span lang=EN-US>:010402001</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US>l </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>所属文集</span><span lang=EN-US>:</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>林氏物语</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US>l </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>所属类别</span><span lang=EN-US>:</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>技术乱弹</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US>l </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>所属细类</span><span lang=EN-US>:</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>编译原理</span> </p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoToc1><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_Toc364002991"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第一章</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>前言</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>3</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc1><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_Toc364002992"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第二章</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>安装篇</span></span>:<span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>4</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc2 style='margin-left:24.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364002993"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第一节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>安装前的检查</span></span>:<span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>4</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364002994"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>1<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>是否已经安装了</span></span>java
1.5 <span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>或<span lang=EN-US>者更高的版本。</span></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>4</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364002995"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>2<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>是否已经下载了</span></span>eclipse
3.x.<span style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>4</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364002996"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>3<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>建立本教程演示目录。</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>5</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc2 style='margin-left:24.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364002997"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第二节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>安装过程</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>6</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364002998"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>1<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>下载</span></span>antworks<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>：</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>6</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364002999"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>2<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>下载</span></span>antlr<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>的</span></span>jar<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>包</span></span><span
lang=EN-US><span lang=EN-US> </span></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
宋体'><span lang=EN-US>当前的版本是</span></span> v3.3<span style='color:windowtext;
display:none;text-decoration:none'>. </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>7</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003000"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>3<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>安装</span></span>eclipse<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>插件。</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>8</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003001"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>4<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>确认你的安装是否正确。</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>11</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc1><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_Toc364003002"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第三章</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>工具环境介绍篇：</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>12</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc2 style='margin-left:24.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003003"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第一节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>先从</span></span>antlrworks<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>开始体验</span></span>antlr.<span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>13</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003004"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>1<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>创<span lang=EN-US>建语法文件</span></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>13</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003005"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>2<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>运行调试语法文件</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>15</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc2 style='margin-left:24.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003006"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第二节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>再开始品尝</span></span>anltrv3ide<span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>. </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>18</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003007"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>1<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>新建一个</span></span>antlr<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>项目</span></span>.<span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>18</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003008"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>2<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>创建语法文件</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>19</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003009"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>3<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>进行或者检查插件的设置</span></span>..<span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>23</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003010"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>4<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>编写测试的程序</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>26</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc2 style='margin-left:24.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003011"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第三节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span>Antlrworks<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>工具的各部分使用说明</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>30</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc2 style='margin-left:24.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003012"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第四节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span>Antlrv3ide<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>插件的各部分使用说明</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>31</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc1><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_Toc364003013"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第四章</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>使用篇</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>33</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc2 style='margin-left:24.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003014"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第一节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>无责任乱弹</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>33</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc2 style='margin-left:24.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003015"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第二节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>关于语法解析的一些基本概念</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>35</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003016"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>1<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>什么是词法分析，什么是语法分析，这两者有什么不同？</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>36</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003017"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>2<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>巴克斯</span></span>-<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>诺尔范式</span></span>,<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>产生式</span></span>,<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>最左推导</span></span>,<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>最右推导</span></span>,<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>左递归</span></span>,<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>右递归</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>38</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003018"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>3<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>语法解析的自顶向下和自底向上的策略</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>39</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc2 style='margin-left:24.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003019"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第三节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>经典的表达式<span lang=EN-US>教程解析</span></span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>44</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003020"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>1<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>界定需求</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>44</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003021"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>2<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>设计语法</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>45</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc3 style='margin-left:48.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003022"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第</span></span>3<span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>小节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>实现语义</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>50</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc2 style='margin-left:24.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><a
href="#_Toc364003023"><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第四节</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>状态机代码生成框架实例分析</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>52</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc1><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_Toc364003024"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第五章</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>附录</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>52</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoToc1><span lang=EN-US><a href="#_Toc364003025"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>第六章</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;line-height:115%;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体'><span lang=EN-US>引用</span></span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>... </span><span
style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>52</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<h1><a name="_Toc364002991"><span lang=EN-US>第一章 <span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体'>前言</span></a></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.25pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>讨论组地址</span><span
lang=EN-US>: </span><span lang=EN-US><a
href="http://groups.google.com/group/antlr_chinese/">http://groups.google.com/group/antlr_chinese/</a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:21.25pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>仔细数起来</span><span
lang=EN-US>,coding</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>生涯也有不少年头了</span><span
lang=EN-US>,</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>从</span><span lang=EN-US>99</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>年到现在</span><span lang=EN-US>,</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>虽然中途离开过几年</span><span lang=EN-US>,</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>但始终没有停留过关注</span><span lang=EN-US>.</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>在这不长不短的岁月里</span><span
lang=EN-US>,</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>在指尖流过的语言也有不少了</span><span
lang=EN-US>,</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>从学生年代的</span><span lang=EN-US>c/cpp,object
pascal,asm,sql</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>等到工作中用过的</span><span
lang=EN-US>vbs/js,java,html,xml, schema,R,erlang</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>和一些即兴学的</span><span lang=EN-US>shell script</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>等，年轻时偏执于语言的表层，略显轻狂</span><span lang=EN-US>,</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>并以之为傲。后来修习图灵机，</span><span lang=EN-US>lambda</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>算子</span><span lang=EN-US>,</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>组合子之类的计算模型，尝试着对语言的本质做了一些深入的思考</span><span
lang=EN-US>,</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>才发觉其实自己一直都是井底之蛙。在接触了古老的</span><span
lang=EN-US>lex +yacc</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>后</span><span
lang=EN-US>,</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>为其高度抽象的简洁与优美所折服</span><span
lang=EN-US>.</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>遂不能自拔。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>一直都比较喜欢类似</span><span
lang=EN-US>lex+yacc</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>之类产生式工具，由于工作主要是</span><span
lang=EN-US>java</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>相关的</span><span lang=EN-US>,</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>也接触了</span><span lang=EN-US>antlr.</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>并对其保持比较浓厚的兴趣</span><span lang=EN-US>,</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>时隔几年后重回</span><span lang=EN-US>it</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>时</span><span lang=EN-US>,</span><span style='font-family:
宋体'>因为一个小产品的开发需要，对词法语法解析工具选型，选了几个工具，</span><span lang=EN-US>javacc </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，</span><span lang=EN-US>antlr </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，</span><span lang=EN-US>jflex+CUP</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，最终还是选择了</span><span lang=EN-US>antlr</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>关于工具的选择方面</span><span
lang=EN-US>. </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>一直认为</span><span lang=EN-US>,</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>工欲善其事，必先利其器，但何为利器，如何评价，一直没有清晰的定义，有些东西，明明很好很强大，但是就是无法推广，比如基于强大</span><span
lang=EN-US>lambda</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>算子的函数式语言及其平台如</span><span
lang=EN-US>lisp </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，</span><span lang=EN-US>schema
</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>等。很多年后，才明白，评价一个一个东西，不仅仅看点上的表现，还需要看面上的表现，比如周边的环境支撑等</span>
<span style='font-family:宋体'>，哪怕点上的表现稍逊一筹，只要面上的表现优异，也能弥补其缺陷。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>一个工具，被选择的首当其冲的标准当属于其生产能力，评价选择一个工具的生产能力，除了要看它的主要功能外，还要看它对你的生产流程的覆盖程度。覆盖的越全，也就认为其产出效率越高。凭借</span><span
lang=EN-US>eclipse</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>这个强大的工具平台。</span><span
lang=EN-US>Antlr </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>做到了从前端语法设计到调试到集成测试的无缝覆盖，这确实是我选择其的一个关键决定因素。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>贸然的使用一个不成熟的工具，或者没有实践过的新解决方案，不管它在别人那里是如何成功的，你都需要支付一定风险的。利器从来都是双刃的，伤人亦能伤己，用的好，强虏灰飞烟灭，用的不好，伤痕累累，欲罢不能。诚然，形式化的产生式编程方式如</span>
<span lang=EN-US>antlr</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>的确有其强大且简洁优雅的一面，但凡事有利必有弊，一旦遇到问题，其背后隐藏的抽象的复杂度足够让一个项目或产品栽倒在时间压力面前。这也是这个工具鲜被采用的原因。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>开发结束后</span><span
lang=EN-US>,</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>对使用这个工具所遇到的问题以及一些解决方法，作了一些总结和整理。前车之鉴，后事之师，不管是为人还是为己。于是萌生了写个文档的想法，说是写，实际上是不过是将所找的零碎资料拼装而已。在找资料的过程中发现，鲜有中文教程，只有一本</span><span
lang=EN-US>v2.75</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>的中文版规范。</span> <span
style='font-family:宋体'>虽然官方的英文文档不算少，但对于在非英语母语的我们来说，对英文信息的敏感度较低，从那堆信息里，寻找一条合适的学习路径略显艰难。于是就学习吾友陈民的做法，尽力写一些教程像他以前帮助我一样帮助其他人。另外在这里也特别感谢甘草同志</span><span
lang=EN-US>([email protected])</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，加入这个阵营</span><span
lang=EN-US>…</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>这篇教程定位为帮助零基础的初学者入门到掌握编译前端，为熟悉</span><span
lang=EN-US>antlr</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>的人，提供一些问题备忘录，以及共享一些对</span><span
lang=EN-US>antlr</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>本身设计的看法。希望能对您有所帮助。</span></p>
<h1><a name="_Toc364002992"><span lang=EN-US>第二章 <span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体'>安装篇</span></a><span lang=EN-US>:</span></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>选择</span><span
lang=EN-US>antlr</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>确实有很大的优势。</span> <span
style='font-family:宋体'>有官方自带的</span><span lang=EN-US>antlrworks </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>，有</span> <span style='font-family:宋体'>民间的</span><span
lang=EN-US>antlrv3ide </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，和</span><span
lang=EN-US> netbeans</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>什么的插件等等。还有一些收费的</span><span
lang=EN-US>eclipse</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>插件等，具体就不去细列了，这个教程主要集中在</span><span
lang=EN-US>antlrworks </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>和</span><span
lang=EN-US> antlrv3ide+eclipse</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>等两个</span><span
lang=EN-US> ide </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>上面。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体'>通过本篇的学习，你应该能搭建好一个可以实战的平台。</span></p>
<h2><a name="_Toc364002993"><span lang=EN-US>第一节<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体'>安装前的检查</span></a><span lang=EN-US>:</span><span
lang=EN-US> </span></h2>
<h3><a name="_Toc364002994"><span lang=EN-US>第1小节<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体'>是否已经安装了</span></a><span lang=EN-US>java
1.5 </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>或者更高的版本。</span> </h3>
<p class=MsoListParagraph><span style='font-family:宋体'>确认方法</span><span
lang=EN-US> java –version </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>和</span><span
lang=EN-US>javac –version</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，如果不能工作，或者版本不对，请检查环境变量的</span><span
lang=EN-US>JAVA_HOME</span></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc364002995"><span lang=EN-US>第2小节<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体'>是否已经下载了</span></a><span lang=EN-US>eclipse
3.x.</span></h3>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst><span style='font-family:宋体'>教程使用的是</span><span
lang=EN-US> eclipse 3.6.2(helios) </span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"微软雅黑","sans-serif"'>Eclipse
Modeling Tools</span><span lang=EN-US> </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>那个版本，最好保持和教程一致的。不能确定</span><span
lang=EN-US>antlrv3ide</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>是否适用了</span><span
lang=EN-US>gef </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>或者</span><span lang=EN-US>gmf
</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>但建议如果你使用其它的类型的</span><span lang=EN-US>eclipse
</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>，将</span><span lang=EN-US>modeling </span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>模块升级到最新版本。同时还需要安装一个</span><span lang=EN-US>dynamic
languages toolkit core frameworks.</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>这个是</span><span
lang=EN-US>antlrv3ide</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>依赖的插件</span><span
lang=EN-US>.</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>本教程所用的插件如下</span><span
lang=EN-US>:</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>（画圈圈的是没有安装插件前就要存在的。如果没有，你需要在</span><span
lang=EN-US> help->install new software </span><span style='font-family:宋体'>中选择</span><span
lang=EN-US> helios</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>这个更新源进行更新）</span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:18.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US><img border=0 width=553 height=363
src="hand%20in%20hand%20with%20antlr.files/image001.jpg"></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:18.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>
<h3><a name="_Toc364002996"><span lang=EN-US>第3小节<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><span style='font-family:宋体'>建立本教程演示目录。</span></a></h3>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst><span style='font-family:宋体'>建立一个目录</span><span
lang=EN-US>(d:\antlrdemo),</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>用作本教程的演示目录，这个目录可以更换到其他的地方，<span
style='color:red'>但是请注意，请不要带有中文或者其他非英文字母</span>。</span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle><span style='font-family:宋体'>在</span><span
lang=EN-US>anltrdemo</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>下面建立一个</span><span
lang=EN-US>antlrworks_data</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>目录。</span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle><span style='font-family:宋体'>将</span><span
lang=EN-US>eclipse</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>拷贝至</span><span
lang=EN-US> antlrdemo</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>目录下。</span> </p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast><span style='font-family:宋体'>并在</span><span
lang=EN-US>eclipse</span><span style='font-family:宋体'>目录下建立</span> <span
style='font-family:宋体'>一个</span><span lang=EN-US>workspace</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>的目录，并在启动</span><span lang=EN-US>eclipse</span><span
style='font-family:宋体'>的时候，将工作空间设置为这个目录的工作空间。这样做的目的便于管理资料。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><img border=0 width=271 height=305
src="hand%20in%20hand%20with%20antlr.files/image002.png"></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:18.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> </span></p>