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Model Submitter:
Thyagarajulu Gollapalli (0000-0001-9394-4104)
Model Creator(s):
- Thyagarajulu Gollapalli (0000-0001-9394-4104)
Model slug:
gollapalli-2022-sunda-subduction
(this will be the name of the model repository when created)
Model name:
Subduction dynamics and plate coupling along seismically active margin: the role of slab steps
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Model Category:
- model published in study
- forward model
Model Status:
- completed
Short description:
The negative buoyancy of the slab drives subducting plate and trench motions, influencing tectonic stresses at convergent margins. Variations in slab depth along the trench affect plate coupling and seismicity. We investigated these effects using 3-D subduction models, focusing on slab depth variations and their impact on force balance. Results show convergence velocity is primarily controlled by slab mass and subducting plate rheology, while trench movement is sensitive to slab depth heterogeneity. The highest stress occurs around slab steps, aligning with deformation patterns observed along the Sunda margin. This study highlights the crucial role of trench-parallel forces in plate dynamics.
Abstract:
The negative buoyancy of the slab primarily controls the subducting plate and trench motions, and tectonic stresses around the convergent margins. Lateral variations in negative buoyancy associated with varying slab depth along strike must affect plate and margin motions, and, most importantly, have an impact on the stress acting across the margin, thereby setting the context for plate coupling, tectonics and present-day seismicity. Here, we investigated these interactions in 3-D subduction numerical models, focusing on along-trench variations in the subduction depth and the resulting perturbations to the force balance. While we focus on the steps in the slab depth, we additionally test the role of subducting plate, i.e., cohesion and viscosity, and upper plate properties, i.e., thickness, viscosity, and cohesion. The results show that the magnitude of convergence velocity only depends on the integrated slab mass and rheology of the subducting plate when the upper plate is thin. Instead, the trench retreat/advance is sensitive to the heterogeneity in the slab depth, and a complex pattern arises atop the slab step, with a characteristic length of ~500 km from the slab depth perturbation. The remaining parameters of the subducting and upper plate mainly affect the magnitude of the trench velocities with minor influence on the pattern. The highest deformation/stress in the upper plate is observed around the slab step due to the rigidity of the plate, causing mutual perturbation between the deep and shallow slab portions, and the lateral flow around the step. These results are compared with the observations along the Sunda margin, where similar slab depth variations are found. The upper plate deformation in the model shows remarkable compatibility with the observed distributions of compression and extension of the Andaman- Sumatra-Java segments. Our study indicates that trench-parallel forces, arising from the natural variations of slab depth, exert a first-order control on the plate coupling and deformation along convergent margins and should not be neglected.
Funder(s):
- No response
No embargo on model contents requested
Include model code:
True
Model code existing URL/DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7022845
Model code notes:
Underworld2 input files of Sunda Subduction Zone (3D cartesian models).
Include model output data:
True
Model output data notes:
Output data mainly contains *.h5 and *.xdmf files.
Software Framework DOI/URL:
Found software: Underworld2: Python Geodynamics Modelling for Desktop, HPC and Cloud
Name of primary software framework:
Underworld2: Python Geodynamics Modelling for Desktop, HPC and Cloud
Software framework authors:
- John Mansour (0000-0001-5865-1664)
- Julian Giordani (0000-0003-4515-9296)
- Louis Moresi (0000-0003-3685-174X)
- Romain Beucher (0000-0003-3891-5444)
- Owen Kaluza (0000-0001-6303-5671)
- Mirko Velic
- Rebecca Farrington (0000-0002-2594-6965)
- Steve Quenette (0000-0002-0368-7341)
- Adam Beall (0000-0002-7182-1864)
Landing page image:
Filename: vel_sr_inv_landing_page.png
Caption:
Mantle flow and upper plate deformation due to slab step
Animation:
Filename: side_view_snapshot.png
Caption:
Mantle flow and upper plate deformation due to slab step
Graphic abstract:
Filename: sketch.png
Caption:
Sketch of the tectonic forces acting at the Sunda margin and interface stress along Andaman (DD’), Sumatra (FF’), and Java (MM’). At the Sumatra margin, an additional transferred force (
Model setup figure:
Filename: model_matvar_edit_model_setup.png
Caption:
Numerical model setup. The parameter d denotes the depth of the long slab (i.e., 660 km, green plane), and Δ𝑑 represents step length (i.e., the difference between the long and short slab). The long and short slabs extend from 0-2000 and 2000-4000 km in the Y-direction. The trench is located at X = 2000 km.
Description: The model setup consists of the subducting plate with attached slab and upper plate inserted in the 660 km upper mantle lying over 340 km lower mantle. The model extends 4000 km in each x, y, and 1000 km in the z-axis with a numerical resolution of 512×512×128, respectively. This resolution results in an element size of 7.8 km in all three directions. Each element is populated with 20 Lagrangian particles to store material properties. All boundaries in the model are under free slip conditions. All models include a 100 km thick subducting plate and slab. The rheology in the top 30 km (crust) is viscoplastic, and the rest (70 km lithospheric mantle) is viscous. Oceanic lithosphere has a density contrast of 50