feat: Add closest point and distance computation to `SurfaceBounds` #26540

Job	Run time
linux_ubuntu	8m 3s
macos	22m 22s
linux_ubuntu_extra (ubuntu2204, 20)	7m 44s
linux_ubuntu_extra (ubuntu2204_clang, 20)	7m 42s
linux_examples_test	1s
linux_physmon	1s
linux_physmon_perf_report	1s
	45m 54s

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