feat: propose DeputyGuardianModule improvements

protocol/deputy-guardian-module-improvements.md

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+# Deputy Guardian Module Improvements
+
+## Context
+
+The Foundation Safe is given the ability to act as the Security Council Safe for a limited number
+of safety-net actions on OP Mainnet. For instance, the Foundation Safe can act as the Security
+Council Safe to trigger the Superchain-wide pause function. These powers are given to the
+Foundation Safe through the `DeputyGuardianModule` installed in the Security Council Safe.
+
+## Problem Statement
+
+The existing `DeputyGuardianModule` has a number of problems that we'd like to be able to solve in
+a simple manner that makes as few contract changes as possible. We describe each of these problems
+individually for clarity.
+
+### Pre-Signed Pause Transactions
+
+The Foundation Safe pre-signs certain transactions to reduce response time in case of an emergency.
+Because pre-signed Foundation Safe transactions are dependent on the nonces of that Safe, these
+pre-signed transactions become invalidated any time the Foundation Safe is required to sign
+literally any other transaction. In an attempt to reduce the overhead from this state of affairs,
+a *second* Foundation Safe sometimes referred to as the "Foundation Operations Safe" with the exact
+same configuration as the original Foundation Safe was made to be the Deputy Guardian.
+
+Even with this second Foundation Safe, pre-signed pauses are invalidated on a regular basis
+whenever an upgrade touches the `DeputyGuardianModule`. Gripes with the pre-signed pause system
+could fill a whole role of toilet paper and are not just limited to the issues noted above.
+
+### Unclear Responsibilities
+
+The `DeputyGuardianModule` has an unclear security model and underlying purpose. The original
+intent behind the `DeputyGuardianModule` was to provide a fast way to respond to potential
+incidents in a manner that can impact liveness but not system safety. A lack of strict clarity
+behind this design has meant that the `DeputyGuardianModule` has become a source of security
+implications that are not often easy to reason about. We would like to be more strict about what
+the `DeputyGuardianModule` can and cannot do.
+
+## Proposed Solution
+
+We propose resolving the above problems by modifying the existing `DeputyGuardianModule` to be more
+restrictive in the actions it can carry out while also being more permissive in who can carry out
+these actions.
+
+The `DeputyGuardianModule` would be permitted to:
+
+1. Trigger the Superchain-wide pause.
+1. Blacklist an individual dispute game.
+1. Change the respected game type to the `PermissionedDisputeGame`.
+1. Trigger the `setAnchorState` function in the `AnchorStateRegistry`.
+
+The `DeputyGuardianModule` would **no longer** be permitted to:
+
+1. Undo the Superchain-wide pause ("unpause").
+1. Change the respected game type to the `FaultDisputeGame`.
+
+The `DeputyGuardianModule` would be accessible to:
+
+1. Any member of the Security Council Safe.
+1. An EOA operated by the Optimism Foundation.
+
+Please note that this proposal supercedes
+[Design Doc 162](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/design-docs/pull/162) that introduced the
+concept of the `DeputyPauseModule`.
+
+### Reasoning
+
+The above changes make the role of the `DeputyGuardianModule` significantly more obvious. The
+`DeputyGuardianModule` is now designed to be a fast response mechanism that can ONLY impact
+liveness and cannot impact safety.
+
+1. We remove the ability to unpause the system because this makes it possible for the
+   `DeputyGuardianModule` to diminish safety by unpausing the system when it was explicitly placed
+   into a paused state for security reasons.
+1. We restrain the `DeputyGuardianModule` to be able to change the respected game type to the
+   `PermissionedDisputeGame` but not back to the `FaultDisputeGame` for similar reasons to the
+   removal of the ability to unpause the system.
+
+## Alternatives Considered
+
+### Deputy Pause Module
+
+This proposal supercedes a previous proposal that would have installed a `DeputyPauseModule` into
+the Foundation Safe. We would be able to get the benefits of this proposal while also simplifying
+the role of the Deputy Guardian if we accepted this proposal instead.
+
+## Risks & Uncertainties
+
+### Audits
+
+Any module will need to be carefully audited. The `DeputyGuardianModule` was previously audited but
+would need to be re-audited as a result of these changes.
+
+### Leaked Deputy
+
+Our worst-case scenario is a leaked deputy private key. Since the `DeputyGuardianModule` would now
+permit any member of the Security Council Safe or a dedicated Foundation EOA to trigger
+liveness-impacting actions, such a leak would likely cause a temporary liveness failure. A majority
+of the Security Council Safe would need to coordinate a transaction to remove or replace the
+offending account and resolve the liveness failure.
+
+### Compromised Deputy
+
+A motivated attacker with access to a deputy's private key could try to drain the deputy's wallet
+constantly to prevent it from being used to trigger transactions. Although this could be
+side-stepped with private RPC/bundling tools, it would not be considered good practice to include
+live third-party infrastructure in the hot path for critical security actions. It therefore seems
+prudent that the deputy be able to act via signature instead of directly via `msg.sender` check.
+
+If we allow the deputy to act via signature then we must also make sure that the signature includes
+some sort of nonce to prevent the same signature from being used more than once.
+
+### Process Updates
+
+Various processes and runbooks will need to be updated to reflect this new state of affairs. We'll
+be happy, but it will take some effort. All of these updates will need to be made before we
+actually go live with these changes and we should run drills on testnet and propose that drills be
+run on mainnet.
+
+### Incident Response Improvements
+
+We are currently working on a number of changes to various contracts under the banner of a project
+generally known as the Incident Response Improvements project. The Incident Response Improvements
+project will modify the `OptimismPortal` and `AnchorStateRegistry` contracts and will therefore
+require changes to the `DeputyGuardianModule`. We should make sure that these changes are in line
+with the intent laid out in this document.