routegroup is a tiny Go package providing a lightweight wrapper for efficient route grouping and middleware integration with the standard http.ServeMux.
- Simple and intuitive API for route grouping and route mounting.
- Lightweight, just about 100 LOC
- Easy middleware integration for individual routes or groups of routes.
- Seamless integration with Go's standard
http.ServeMux. - Fully compatible with the
http.Handlerinterface and can be used as a drop-in replacement forhttp.ServeMux. - No external dependencies.
go get -u github.com/go-pkgz/routegroup
Creating a New Route Group
To start, create a new route group without a base path:
func main() {
mux := http.NewServeMux()
group := routegroup.New(mux)
}Adding Routes with Middleware
Add routes to your group, optionally with middleware:
group.Use(loggingMiddleware, corsMiddleware)
group.Handle("/hello", helloHandler)
group.Handle("/bye", byeHandler)Creating a Nested Route Group
For routes under a specific path prefix Mount method can be used to create a nested group:
apiGroup := routegroup.Mount(mux, "/api")
apiGroup.Use(loggingMiddleware, corsMiddleware)
apiGroup.Handle("/v1", apiV1Handler)
apiGroup.Handle("/v2", apiV2Handler)Complete Example
Here's a complete example demonstrating route grouping and middleware usage:
package main
import (
"net/http"
"github.com/go-pkgz/routegroup"
)
func main() {
router := routegroup.New(http.NewServeMux())
router.Use(loggingMiddleware)
// handle the /hello route
router.Handle("GET /hello", helloHandler)
// create a new group for the /api path
apiRouter := router.Mount("/api")
// add middleware
apiRouter.Use(loggingMiddleware, corsMiddleware)
// route handling
apiRouter.HandleFunc("GET /hello", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Write([]byte("Hello, API!"))
})
// add another group with its own set of middlewares
protectedGroup := router.Group()
protectedGroup.Use(authMiddleware)
protectedGroup.HandleFunc("GET /protected", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Write([]byte("Protected API!"))
})
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
}Applying Middleware to Specific Routes
You can also apply middleware to specific routes inside the group without modifying the group's middleware stack:
apiGroup.With(corsMiddleware, apiMiddleware).Handle("GET /hello", helloHandler)Alternative Usage with Route
You can also use the Route method to add routes and middleware in a single function call:
router := routegroup.New(http.NewServeMux())
router.Group().Route(func(b *routegroup.Bundle) {
b.Use(loggingMiddleware, corsMiddleware)
b.Handle("GET /hello", helloHandler)
b.Handle("GET /bye", byeHandler)
})
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", group)Important: The Route method does not create a new group by itself; it merely applies middleware and routes to the current group in a functional style. In the example provided, this is technically equivalent to sequentially calling the Use and Handle methods for the caller's group. While this may not seem intuitive, it is crucial to understand, as using the Route method might mistakenly appear to be a way to create a new (sub)group, which it is not. In 99% of cases, Route should be called after the creation of a sub-group, either by the Mount or Group methods.
For example, using Route in this manner is likely a mistake, as it will apply middleware to the root group, not to the newly created sub-group.
group := routegroup.New(http.NewServeMux())
group.Route(func(b *routegroup.Bundle) {
b.Use(loggingMiddleware, corsMiddleware)
b.Route(func(sub *routegroup.Bundle) {
sub.Handle("GET /hello", helloHandler)
})
})Setting optional NotFoundHandler
It is possible to set a custom NotFoundHandler for the group. This handler will be called when no other route matches the request:
group.NotFoundHandler = http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
http.Error(w, "404 page not found, something is wrong!", http.StatusNotFound)
})If a custom NotFoundHandler is not configured, routegroup will default to using a handler from the standard library (http.NotFoundHandler()). It is important to note that the NotFoundHandler serves as a catch-all route, which influences "Method Not Allowed" (405) responses. Consequently, if an incorrect method is called, the response will be 404 (or the custom status specified by the NotFoundHandler) rather than 405. This behavior aligns with the standard http.ServeMux and may be improved in future versions of Go.
In some instances, it's practical to create an initial group that includes a set of middlewares, and then derive all other groups from it. This approach guarantees that every group incorporates a common set of middlewares as a foundation, allowing each to add its specific middlewares. To facilitate this scenario, routegroup offers both Bundle.Group and Bundle.Mount methods, and it also implements the http.Handler interface. The following example illustrates how to use derived groups:
// create a new bundle with a base set of middlewares
// note: the bundle is also http.Handler and can be passed to http.ListenAndServe
router := routegroup.New(http.NewServeMux())
router.Use(loggingMiddleware, corsMiddleware)
// add a new, derived group with its own set of middlewares
// this group will inherit the middlewares from the base group
apiGroup := router.Group()
apiGroup.Use(apiMiddleware)
apiGroup.Handle("GET /hello", helloHandler)
apiGroup.Handle("GET /bye", byeHandler)
// mount another group for the /admin path with its own set of middlewares,
// using `Route` method to show the alternative usage.
// this group will inherit the middlewares from the base group as well
router.Mount("/admin").Route(func(b *routegroup.Bundle) {
b.Use(adminMiddleware)
b.Handle("POST /do", doHandler)
})
// start the server, passing the wrapped mux as the handler
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)Sometimes route's group is not necessary, and all you need is to apply middleware(s) directly to a single route. In this case, routegroup provides a Wrap function that can be used to wrap a single http.Handler with one or more middlewares. Here's an example:
mux := http.NewServeMux()
mux.HandleFunc("/hello", routegroup.Wrap(helloHandler, loggingMiddleware, corsMiddleware))
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", mux)routegroup automatically registers a NotFoundHandler as a catch-all route, which is invoked when no other route matches the request. This handler is wrapped with all the middlewares that are associated with the group. This functionality is beneficial for applying middleware to all routes, including those that are unknown. It practically enables the use of middlewares that should operate across all routes, such as logging.
In case you want to disable this behavior, you can use the DisableNotFoundHandler() function.
Here's an example of how routegroup can be used in a real-world application. The following code snippet is taken from a web service that provides a set of routes for user authentication, session management, and user management. The service also serves static files from the "assets/static" embedded file system.
// Routes returns http.Handler that handles all the routes for the Service.
// It also serves static files from the "assets/static" directory.
// The rootURL option sets prefix for the routes.
func (s *Service) Routes() http.Handler {
router := routegroup.Mount(http.NewServeMux(), s.rootURL) // make a bundle with the rootURL base path
// add common middlewares
router.Use(rest.Maybe(handlers.CompressHandler, func(*http.Request) bool { return !s.skipGZ }))
router.Use(rest.Throttle(s.limitActiveReqs))
router.Use(s.middleware.securityHeaders(s.skipSecurityHeaders))
// prepare csrf middleware
csrfMiddleware := s.middleware.csrf(s.skipCSRFCheck)
// add open routes
router.HandleFunc("GET /login", s.loginPageHandler)
router.HandleFunc("POST /login", s.loginCheckHandler)
router.HandleFunc("GET /logout", s.logoutHandler)
// add routes with auth middleware
router.Group().Route(func(auth *routegroup.Bundle) {
auth.Use(s.middleware.Auth())
auth.HandleFunc("GET /update", s.pwdUpdateHandler)
auth.With(csrfMiddleware).HandleFunc("PUT /update", s.pwdUpdateHandler)
})
// add admin routes
router.Mount("/admin").Route(func(admin *routegroup.Bundle) {
admin.Use(s.middleware.Auth("admin"))
admin.Use(s.middleware.AdminOnly)
admin.HandleFunc("GET /", s.admin.renderHandler)
admin.With(csrfMiddleware).Route(func(csrf *routegroup.Bundle) {
csrf.HandleFunc("DELETE /sessions", s.admin.deleteSessionsHandler)
csrf.HandleFunc("POST /user", s.admin.addUserHandler)
csrf.HandleFunc("DELETE /user", s.admin.deleteUserHandler)
})
})
router.HandleFunc("GET /static/*", s.fileServerHandlerFunc()) // serve static files
return router
}
// fileServerHandlerFunc returns http.HandlerFunc that serves static files from the "assets/static" directory.
// prefix is set by the rootURL option.
func (s *Service) fileServerHandlerFunc() http.HandlerFunc {
staticFS, err := fs.Sub(assets, "assets/static") // error is always nil
if err != nil {
panic(err) // should never happen we load from embedded FS
}
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
webFS := http.StripPrefix(s.rootURL+"/static/", http.FileServer(http.FS(staticFS)))
webFS.ServeHTTP(w, r)
}
}Contributions to routegroup are welcome! Please submit a pull request or open an issue for any bugs or feature requests.
routegroup is available under the MIT license. See the LICENSE file for more info.