Digital-Appendix-Supporting

This repository contains the digital appendices of the paper Supporting Participation Processes Using NLP in Constrained Resources Settings.

Appendix A: Topics

Self-convocated Roundtables

• Topic SC1: Governments are struggling with regulating AI systems' impacts throughout their life cycles.
• Topic SC2: Enabling factors such as infrastructure, training, and data are needed to foster AI adoption.
• Topic SC3: AI in healthcare should be fostered since it can promote innovation and improve care.
• Topic SC4: The government should create specific incentives to foster AI adoption in mining, agriculture, and healthcare to improve productivity in the country.
• Topic SC5: The general public should learn more about AI systems to improve their adoption and agency.
• Topic SC6: AI regulation should focus on protecting people in privacy and intellectual property areas.
• Topic SC7: AI should be incorporated into educational curricula at all levels.
• Topic SC8: Industry-academia collaboration should be promoted to foster research and development on AI.
• Topic SC9: AI governance needs to deal with ethical dilemmas and value tensions to protect people (e.g., transparency and privacy).
• Topic SC10: Governments must promote ethical AI development through broad principles.

Regional Roundtables

• Topic R1: AI is a science related to algorithms. A specific field is machine learning.
• Topic R2: To harness AI benefits for society, the government should work on filling gaps in enabling factors such as human capital, infrastructure, and cybersecurity.
• Topic R3: International collaboration is a key element to foster AI development in Chile.
• Topic R4: The use and development of AI systems require developing ethical governance structures.
• Topic R5: AI development requires multi-stakeholder collaboration which, in turn, requires training resources for heterogeneous stakeholders.
• Topic R6: AI is a tool to solve problems using big data.
• Topic R7: The government should foster AI adoption through multi-stakeholder initiatives.
• Topic R8: Education about AI systems should be fostered, ranging from technical abilities for professionals to general knowledge for the general public.
• Topic R9: To foster AI adoption in specific fields to improve productivity, more AI experts are required.
• Topic R10: Collaboration between government, industry and academia is needed to promote AI adoption in specific sectors.
• Topic R11: Governments must work on ethical principles and labor regulation to responsibly adopt AI for transforming processes within organizations.
• Topic R12: Automation can make firms more efficient and increase productivity, fostering the country’s economic development.
• Topic R13: AI can improve data management and analysis.
• Topic R14: AI should be applied to local (i.e., sub-national) specific opportunities to foster entrepreneurship.
• Topic R15: AI should be fostered hand in hand with its governance and regulation.
• Topic R16: High-quality human capital is needed for AI development.
• Topic R17: Local development can foster the adoption of AI technologies.
• Topic R18: Data governance is needed when using AI systems to protect users' privacy. \item \textbf{Topic R19: }AI needs to be regulated, especially in areas such as data protection. Additionally, public policies on AI have to be fostered in areas such as education.
• Topic R20: Access to AI must be equal between different country regions.
• Topic R21: When using AI to support decision-making, transparency and the absence of harmful biases are required.
• Topic R22: AI systems are machines that imitate human decision-making processes. Thus, some tasks that humans perform could be automated.
• Topic R23: AI policies should be focused on specific economic sectors.
• Topic R24: International collaboration can foster R&D in AI.
• Topic R25: There are many opportunities in the public sector to use AI systems.
• Topic R26: Regulation and policies must be in place to protect citizens’ rights when implementing AI systems.
• Topic R27: Research on AI should be encouraged.

Appendix B: Policy Objectives

Theme 1: Enabling Factors

Sub-theme 1: Technological Infrastructure.

• Objective 1.1.1: To make Chile a global hub of connectivity infrastructure in the southern hemisphere.
• Objective 1.1.2: To deploy connectivity infrastructure and guarantee internet access, ensuring minimum quality standards.
• Objective 1.1.3: To deploy technological infrastructure with high cybersecurity standards for research and development, increasing storage and processing capabilities.

Sub-theme 2: Talent development

• Objective 1.2.1: To promote the development of skills, knowledge, and aptitudes related to AI systems' development, use, and critical analysis. School education must consider technology's positive and negative implications and foster critical thinking based on ethics.
• Objective 1.2.2: To foster AI as a cross-cutting discipline in technical education.
• Objective 1.2.3 To encourage the creation of specialized AI programs in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) curricula and, at the same time, their incorporation in a cross-cutting manner across disciplines.
• Objective 1.2.4: To Increase the number of AI experts to a value above the OECD average.

Sub-theme 3: Data

• Objective 1.3.1: To consolidate a data ecosystem with open and secure sources for AI development.

Theme 2: Development and Adoption

• Objective 2.1.1: To strengthen Chilean AI academia, improving research productivity to OECD levels.
• Objective 2.1.2: To promote industry-academia collaboration.
• Objective 2.1.3: To foster research, development, innovation, and entrepreneurship related to AI.
• Objective 2.1.4: To promote the use of AI to mitigate climate change and its harmful effects on people.
• Objective 2.1.5: To encourage AI adoption to OECD levels.
• Objective 2.1.6: To foster initiatives to strengthen the Arts and Culture ecosystem through AI.
• Objective 2.1.7 To foster AI adoption in the public sector to OECD levels.
• Objective 2.1.8: To encourage AI systems' development considering their environmental impacts.

Theme 3: Ethics, legal and regulatory issues and socioeconomic impacts

Sub-theme 1: Ethics

• Objective 3.1.1: To develop AI governance focused on protecting human rights.

Sub-theme 2: Impacts on labor

• Objective 3.2.1: To anticipate unemployment due to AI and support workers transitioning to new jobs.
• Objective 3.2.2: To provide protection and conflict resolution mechanisms for workers in the face of automation, taking care not to harm technological development and adoption or productivity.

Sub-theme 3: Consumer relations

• Objective 3.3.1: To promote the use of AI in digital commerce that is transparent, non-discriminatory, and respectful of privacy regulations.

Sub-theme 4: Intellectual Property

• Objective 3.4.1: To develop an updated intellectual property system capable of continuing to foster and strengthen creativity and AI-based innovation.

Sub-theme 5: Cybersecurity and cyberdefense

• Objective 3.5.1: To foster cybersecurity as a core component of AI systems, promoting the development of secure technology systems.

Sub-theme 6: Gender

• Objective 3.6.1: To foster the participation of women in AI-related research and development to OECD levels.
• Objective 3.6.2: To monitor the impact of automation on the labor market so that it is not gender biased.
• Objective 6.3: To foster women in the AI industry to reach OECD levels.
• Objective 6.4: To promote gender equality when implementing AI systems.