The code in this repo is for Shimura curves with level structure. It can be used to compute invariants such as the genus, write the invariants to a formatted string and read data directly into MAGMA from text files if stored for those paramaters.

Fix (O,\pm mu,N) where O is (a maximal) order in an indefinite rational quaternion algebra B, mu is a polarized element and N is an integer.

In analogy with the H < GL_2(Z/NZ) for modular curves, there is a H which depends on on the triple above and has an associated Shimura curve X_H. This requires some more explanation:

• Let \Aut_{\pm \mu}(O) be the automorphisms of O which preserve \pm \mu
• (O/N)^x is just the units of the ring O/N
• G = \Aut_{\pm \mu}(O) \ltimes (O/N)^x, with the semidirect product naturally defined.

G plays the role of GL_2(Z/NZ), (O/N)^x is where the Galois representation lives if the surface has QM defined already and \Aut_{\pm \mu}(O) is like refined Atkin-Lehner involutions. A "PQM surface" has its Galois representatin contained in G, this is called the enhanced representation, see section 3.5 of https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.15193 for more details.

Types

Since it is not straightforward to work with G directly in MAGMA, new 'types' have been created to support it. These are:

- AlgQuatProj :: B^x/Q^x, the quaternion algebra modulo scalars :: QuaternionAlgebraModuloScalars(B::AlgQuat)
- AlgQuatProjElt :: an element of AlgQuatProj :: ElementModuloScalars(BxmodFx::AlgQuatProj, x::AlgQuatElt)
- AlgOrdRes :: O/N :: quo(O::AlgQuatOrd, N::RngIntElt)
- AlgOrdResElt :: an element of AlgOrdRes :: OmodNElement(OmodN::AlgQuatOrdRes, x::AlgQuatOrdElt)
- AlgQuatEnh :: the semidirect product G, allows for N=0 :: EnhancedSemidirectProduct(O::AlgQuatOrd: N:=0)
- AlgQuatEnhElt :: an element of G :: EnhancedElement(Ocirc::AlgQuatEnh, tup::<>)

Example

> B<i,j>:=QuaternionAlgebra<RationalField() | 3, -1>;
> O:=MaximalOrder(B);
> BxmodQx:=QuaternionAlgebraModuloScalars(B);
> OmodN:=quo(O,3);
> w:=BxmodQx!(-3*j+3*i*j);
> w^2;
18
> w^2 eq BxmodQx!1;
true 18
> Genh:=EnhancedSemidirectProduct(O: N:=3);
> x:=OmodN!2;
> Genh!<w,x>
> ;
<-3*j + 3*k, [2 0 0 0]>
> Genh!<1,1> eq (Genh!<w,x>)^2;
true

Main Intrinsics

intrinsic HasPolarizedElementOfDegree(O::AlgQuatOrd,d::RngIntElt) -> BoolElt, AlgQuatElt 
  {return an element mu of O such that mu^2 + d*disc(O) = 0 if it exists.}

intrinsic IsTwisting(O::AlgQuatOrd,mu::AlgQuatElt) -> BoolElt
  {(O,mu) is twisting (of degree del = -mu^2/disc(O)) if there exists chi in O and N_Bx(O)
   such that chi^2 = m, m|Disc(O) and mu*chi = -chi*mu. Return true or false; if true 
   return [mu, chi] up to scaling}
   
intrinsic Aut(O::AlgQuatOrd,mu::AlgQuatElt) -> Any
  {Return Aut_{\pm mu}(O). It will be a map from D_n to B^x/Q^x where the codomain 
  is Aut_{\pm mu}(O)}

intrinsic NormalizingElementToGL4(w::AlgQuatElt,O::AlgQuatOrd: basis:=[]) -> GrpMatElt 
intrinsic NormalizingElementToGL4modN(w::AlgQuatElt,O::AlgQuatOrd, N::RngIntElt : basis:=[]) -> GrpMatElt 
  {O is an order over R. For an element g \in N_Bx(O) the map phi_g : b |--> g^-1bg
  is R-linear hence [g] is an element of M_4(R) after fixing a basis
  this function computes [g] and also returns the R-basis of O.}

intrinsic UnitGroupToGL4(x::AlgQuatOrdElt : basis:=[]) -> GrpMatElt 
intrinsic UnitGroupToGL4modN(x::AlgQuatOrdElt,N::RngIntElt : basis:=[]) -> GrpMatElt 
  {O is an order over R, this returns a matrix [lambda_g] wrt to a basis
  which is the right regular representation
  lambda_x : y --> y*x where g \in GL_1(O)}

intrinsic EnhancedSemidirectInGL4(Ocirc::AlgQuatEnh : basis:=[]) -> Map 
  {create the map from the semidirect product to GL4(R). R depends on the base 
  ring of Ocirc.}

intrinsic EnhancedElementInGL4(g::AlgQuatEnhElt : basis:=[]) -> GrpMatElt
  {the enhanced element in GL4(R), R depends on the base ring of g}

intrinsic EnhancedElementRecord(elt::AlgQuatEnhElt : basis:=[]) -> Any
  {given <w,x> in Autmu(O) \rtimes (O/N)^x or Autmu(O) \rtimes O^x  return <w,x> as a 
  record along with its embedding in GL_4xGL_4 and just GL_4}

intrinsic EnhancedImageGL4(AutmuO::Map, OmodN::AlgQuatOrdRes) -> GrpMat
  {return the image of the enhanced semidirect product group G in GL4(Z/NZ). The second return value 

intrinsic NormalizerPlusGenerators(O::AlgQuatOrd) -> SeqEnum 
  {return generators of the positive norm elements which normalize O}

intrinsic SemidirectToNormalizerKernel(O::AlgQuatOrd,mu::AlgQuatOrdElt) -> SeqEnum 
  {return the kernel of the map form the enhanced semidirect product to N_B^x(O). 
  It is necessarily cyclic and the second value is the generator of the group}

intrinsic NormalizerPlusGeneratorsEnhanced(O::AlgQuatOrd,mu::AlgQuatOrdElt) -> Tup 
  {return generators of the positive norm elements which normalize O in the enhanced semidirect product}

intrinsic EnhancedRamificationData(H::GrpMat, G::GrpMat,O::AlgQuatOrd,mu::AlgQuatElt) -> Any
  {return the image of the elliptic elements under the monodromy map}

intrinsic EnhancedGenus(sigma::SeqEnum) -> RngIntElt
  {Compute genus from permutation triple
   f:X -> Y. 2gX-2 = deg(f)*(2gY-2) + sum_x\inX (ex -1). 
   ex is the ramification degree of x. An element of S_n acts on sheets of the cover. 
  x is ramified if x is sent to another point under the action of an isotropy subgroup,
  i.e. the cycle type corresponding to x has length >1. The length is the ramification degree.}

intrinsic EnumerateH(O::AlgQuatOrd,mu::AlgQuatOrdElt,N::RngIntElt : minimal:=false,PQMtorsion:=false,verbose:=true, lowgenus:=false, write:=false) -> Any
  {return all of the enhanced subgroups in a list with each one being a record}

Example

> B<i,j,k>:=QuaternionAlgebra< Rationals() | 3,-1 >;
> O:=QuaternionOrder([ 1, 1/2 + 1/2*i + 1/2*j + 1/2*k, 1/2 - 1/2*i + 1/2*j - 1/2*k, 1/2 - 1/2*i - 1/2*j + 1/2*k\
 ]);
> N:=4;
> Ocirc:=EnhancedSemidirectProduct(O : N:=4);
> 
> tr,mu:=HasPolarizedElementOfDegree(O,1);
> mu;
-3*j + k
> assert mu^2 eq -6;
> IsTwisting(O,mu);
true [ -3*j + k, -j + k ]
> AutmuO:=Aut(O,mu);
> AutmuO;
Mapping from: GrpPC to Quotient by scalars of Quaternion Algebra with base ring Rational Field, defined by i^2 = 3, j^2 = -1
<Id($), 1>
<$.1, -3*j + k>
<$.2, -j + k>
<$.1 * $.2, -2*i>
> 
> 
> Hgens:=[ Ocirc!< 1, [ 1, 0, 2, 0 ] >, Ocirc!< 1, [ 3, 1, 0, 1 ] >, Ocirc!< 1, [ 1, 2, 2, 0 ] >, Ocirc!< 1, [ \
3, 0, 3, 3 ] >, Ocirc!< 1, [ 3, 2, 3, 1 ] >, Ocirc!< 1, [ 3, 0, 0, 0 ] >, Ocirc!< -3*j + k, [ 2, 0, 1, 0 ] > ];
> HgensGL4:=[ EnhancedElementInGL4modN(g,N) : g in Hgens ];
> HGL4:=sub< GL(4,ResidueClassRing(N)) | HgensGL4 >;
> 
> EnhancedElementRecord(Hgens[2]);
rec<recformat<n: IntegerRing(), enhanced, GL4xGL4, GL4> | 
enhanced := <1, [3 1 0 1]>,
GL4xGL4 := <
[1 0 0 0]
[0 1 0 0]
[0 0 1 0]
[0 0 0 1],

[3 1 0 1]
[0 2 1 0]
[0 3 2 0]
[2 3 3 1]
>,
GL4 := [3 1 0 1]
[0 2 1 0]
[0 3 2 0]
[2 3 3 1]>
> 
> FixedSubspace(HGL4);
Abelian Group isomorphic to Z/2
Defined on 1 generator in supergroup:
$.1 = 2*$.2 + 2*$.4
Relations:
2*$.1 = 0
> 
> G:=EnhancedImageGL4(AutmuO,O,N);
> elliptic:=EnhancedEllipticElements(O,mu);
> elliptic; 
[
<-3*j + k, [1 0 0 0]>,
<-j + k, [ 0  0 -1  0]>,
<-2*i, [-1  0  0  1]>
]
> 
> mon:=EnhancedRamificationData(HGL4,G,O,mu);
> mon;
[
(1, 2)(3, 4),
(1, 3)(2, 5)(4, 6),
(1, 4, 6, 3, 2, 5)
]
> Genus(mon);
0

Data

The list of H for each triple (O,\pm mu, N) is currently stored as a string in data/genera-tables with the following columns: Genus ? (Fuchsian) Index ? #H ? Torsion ? Gal(L|Q) ? AutmuO norms ? Split semidirect ? Generators ? Ramification Data

To load the data type

> list := GeneraTableToRecords(6,1,3);
> list[50];
rec<recformat<n: IntegerRing(), genus, fuchsindex, torsioninvariants, endogroup, AutmuOnorms, Hsplit, generators, ramification_data> | 
genus := 1,
fuchsindex := 12,
torsioninvariants := [],
endogroup :=  C1 ,
AutmuOnorms := { 1 },
Hsplit := true,
generators :=  [ < 1, [ 2, 0, 0, 0 ] >, < 1, [ 2, 0, 2, 2 ] >, < 1, [ 0, 0, 1, 2 ] > ] ,
ramification_data := [
(1, 2)(3, 4)(5, 6)(7, 9)(8, 10)(11, 12),
(1, 3)(2, 5)(4, 7, 11, 10)(6, 9, 12, 8),
(1, 4, 8, 11, 9, 5)(2, 6, 10, 12, 7, 3)
]>