BUG: df.query("1 == 0.1") failed with UndefinedVariableError: name 'BACKTICK_QUOTED_STRING_1' is not defined

doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ Other enhancements
 - :meth:`Series.cummin` and :meth:`Series.cummax` now supports :class:`CategoricalDtype` (:issue:`52335`)
 - :meth:`Series.plot` now correctly handle the ``ylabel`` parameter for pie charts, allowing for explicit control over the y-axis label (:issue:`58239`)
 - :meth:`DataFrame.plot.scatter` argument ``c`` now accepts a column of strings, where rows with the same string are colored identically (:issue:`16827` and :issue:`16485`)
+- :func:`DataFrame.query` can now deal with integer column names (:issue:`60494`)
 - :func:`read_parquet` accepts ``to_pandas_kwargs`` which are forwarded to :meth:`pyarrow.Table.to_pandas` which enables passing additional keywords to customize the conversion to pandas, such as ``maps_as_pydicts`` to read the Parquet map data type as python dictionaries (:issue:`56842`)
 - :meth:`DataFrameGroupBy.transform`, :meth:`SeriesGroupBy.transform`, :meth:`DataFrameGroupBy.agg`, :meth:`SeriesGroupBy.agg`, :meth:`RollingGroupby.apply`, :meth:`ExpandingGroupby.apply`, :meth:`Rolling.apply`, :meth:`Expanding.apply`, :meth:`DataFrame.apply` with ``engine="numba"`` now supports positional arguments passed as kwargs (:issue:`58995`)
 - :meth:`Series.map` can now accept kwargs to pass on to func (:issue:`59814`)

pandas/core/generic.py

@@ -606,7 +606,6 @@ def _get_cleaned_column_resolvers(self) -> dict[Hashable, Series]:
                 v, copy=False, index=self.index, name=k, dtype=dtype
             ).__finalize__(self)
             for k, v, dtype in zip(self.columns, self._iter_column_arrays(), dtypes)
-            if not isinstance(k, int)
         }
 
     @final

pandas/tests/frame/test_query_eval.py

@@ -1326,6 +1326,11 @@ def test_unneeded_quoting(self, df):
         expect = df[df["A"] > 2]
         tm.assert_frame_equal(res, expect)
 
+    def test_quoting_with_ints(self, df):
+        res = df.query("`1` > 5")
+        expect = df[df[1] > 5]
+        tm.assert_frame_equal(res, expect)
+
     def test_parenthesis(self, df):
         res = df.query("`A (x)` > 2")
         expect = df[df["A (x)"] > 2]