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springboot结合aop实现读写分离实例工程

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本篇博客为该项目的详细介绍,看完后觉得不错的同学记得给个star哦!

前言

入职新公司到现在也有一个月了,完成了手头的工作,前几天终于有时间研究下公司旧项目的代码。在研究代码的过程中,发现项目里用到了Spring Aop来实现数据库的读写分离,本着自己爱学习(我自己都不信...)的性格,决定写个实例工程来实现spring aop读写分离的效果。

环境部署

数据库:MySql

库数量:2个,一主一从

关于mysql的主从环境部署之前已经写过文章介绍过了,这里就不再赘述,参考《windows版的mysql主从复制环境搭建》

开始项目

首先,毫无疑问,先开始搭建一个SpringBoot工程,然后在pom文件中引入如下依赖:

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.16</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 动态数据源 所需依赖 ### start-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 动态数据源 所需依赖 ### end-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    	<dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

目录结构

引入基本的依赖后,整理一下目录结构,完成后的项目骨架大致如下:

建表

创建一张表user,在主库执行sql语句同时在从库生成对应的表数据

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `user_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
  `user_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '用户名称',
  `user_phone` varchar(50) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '用户手机',
  `address` varchar(255) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '住址',
  `weight` int(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1' COMMENT '权重,大者优先',
  `created_at` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间',
  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '更新时间',
  PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1196978513958141952', '测试1', '18826334748', '广州市海珠区', '1', '2019-11-20 10:28:51', '2019-11-22 14:28:26');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1196978513958141953', '测试2', '18826274230', '广州市天河区', '2', '2019-11-20 10:29:37', '2019-11-22 14:28:14');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1196978513958141954', '测试3', '18826273900', '广州市天河区', '1', '2019-11-20 10:30:19', '2019-11-22 14:28:30');

主从数据源配置

application.yml,主要信息是主从库的数据源配置

server:
  port: 8001
spring:
  jackson:
  	date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
  	time-zone: GMT+8
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    master:
      url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3307/user?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false&useSSL=false&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&allowMultiQueries=true
      username: root
      password:
    slave:
      url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3308/user?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false&useSSL=false&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&allowMultiQueries=true
      username: root
      password:

因为有一主一从两个数据源,我们用枚举类来代替,方便我们使用时能对应

@Getter
public enum DynamicDataSourceEnum {
    MASTER("master"),
    SLAVE("slave");
    private String dataSourceName;
    DynamicDataSourceEnum(String dataSourceName) {
        this.dataSourceName = dataSourceName;
    }
}

数据源配置信息类 DataSourceConfig,这里配置了两个数据源,masterDb和slaveDb

@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.xjt.proxy.mapper", sqlSessionTemplateRef = "sqlTemplate")
public class DataSourceConfig {
    
     // 主库
      @Bean
      @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.master")
      public DataSource masterDb() {
  return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
      }

    /**
     * 从库
     */
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.datasource", name = "slave", matchIfMissing = true)
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.slave")
    public DataSource slaveDb() {
        return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    /**
     * 主从动态配置
     */
    @Bean
    public DynamicDataSource dynamicDb(@Qualifier("masterDb") DataSource masterDataSource,
        @Autowired(required = false) @Qualifier("slaveDb") DataSource slaveDataSource) {
        DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DynamicDataSource();
        Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>();
        targetDataSources.put(DynamicDataSourceEnum.MASTER.getDataSourceName(), masterDataSource);
        if (slaveDataSource != null) {
            targetDataSources.put(DynamicDataSourceEnum.SLAVE.getDataSourceName(), slaveDataSource);
        }
        dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);
        dynamicDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(masterDataSource);
        return dynamicDataSource;
    }
    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory(@Qualifier("dynamicDb") DataSource dynamicDataSource) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        bean.setMapperLocations(
            new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath*:mapper/*Mapper.xml"));
        bean.setDataSource(dynamicDataSource);
        return bean.getObject();
    }
    @Bean
    public SqlSessionTemplate sqlTemplate(@Qualifier("sessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) {
        return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
    }
    @Bean(name = "dataSourceTx")
    public DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTx(@Qualifier("dynamicDb") DataSource dynamicDataSource) {
        DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager = new DataSourceTransactionManager();
        dataSourceTransactionManager.setDataSource(dynamicDataSource);
        return dataSourceTransactionManager;
    }
}

设置路由

设置路由的目的为了方便查找对应的数据源,我们可以用ThreadLocal保存数据源的信息到每个线程中,方便我们需要时获取

public class DataSourceContextHolder {
    private static final ThreadLocal<String> DYNAMIC_DATASOURCE_CONTEXT = new ThreadLocal<>();
    public static void set(String datasourceType) {
        DYNAMIC_DATASOURCE_CONTEXT.set(datasourceType);
    }
    public static String get() {
        return DYNAMIC_DATASOURCE_CONTEXT.get();
    }
    public static void clear() {
        DYNAMIC_DATASOURCE_CONTEXT.remove();
    }
}

获取路由

public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        return DataSourceContextHolder.get();
    }
}

AbstractRoutingDataSource的作用是基于查找key路由到对应的数据源,它内部维护了一组目标数据源,并且做了路由key与目标数据源之间的映射,提供基于key查找数据源的方法。

数据源的注解

为了可以方便切换数据源,我们可以写一个注解,注解中包含数据源对应的枚举值,默认是主库,

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Documented
public @interface DataSourceSelector {

    DynamicDataSourceEnum value() default DynamicDataSourceEnum.MASTER;
    boolean clear() default true;
}

aop切换数据源

到这里,aop终于可以现身出场了,这里我们定义一个aop类,对有注解的方法做切换数据源的操作,具体代码如下:

@Slf4j
@Aspect
@Order(value = 1)
@Component
public class DataSourceContextAop {

 @Around("@annotation(com.xjt.proxy.dynamicdatasource.DataSourceSelector)")
    public Object setDynamicDataSource(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
        boolean clear = true;
        try {
            Method method = this.getMethod(pjp);
            DataSourceSelector dataSourceImport = method.getAnnotation(DataSourceSelector.class);
            clear = dataSourceImport.clear();
            DataSourceContextHolder.set(dataSourceImport.value().getDataSourceName());
            log.info("========数据源切换至:{}", dataSourceImport.value().getDataSourceName());
            return pjp.proceed();
        } finally {
            if (clear) {
                DataSourceContextHolder.clear();
            }

        }
    }
    private Method getMethod(JoinPoint pjp) {
        MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature)pjp.getSignature();
        return signature.getMethod();
    }

}

到这一步,我们的准备配置工作就完成了,下面开始测试效果。

先写好Service文件,包含读取和更新两个方法,

@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @DataSourceSelector(value = DynamicDataSourceEnum.SLAVE)
    public List<User> listUser() {
        List<User> users = userMapper.selectAll();
        return users;
    }

    @DataSourceSelector(value = DynamicDataSourceEnum.MASTER)
    public int update() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUserId(Long.parseLong("1196978513958141952"));
        user.setUserName("修改后的名字2");
        return userMapper.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(user);
    }

    @DataSourceSelector(value = DynamicDataSourceEnum.SLAVE)
    public User find() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUserId(Long.parseLong("1196978513958141952"));
        return userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(user);
    }
}

根据方法上的注解可以看出,读的方法走从库,更新的方法走主库,更新的对象是userId为1196978513958141953 的数据,

然后我们写个测试类测试下是否能达到效果,

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
class UserServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    @Test
    void listUser() {
        List<User> users = userService.listUser();
        for (User user : users) {
            System.out.println(user.getUserId());
            System.out.println(user.getUserName());
            System.out.println(user.getUserPhone());
        }
    }
    @Test
    void update() {
        userService.update();
        User user = userService.find();
        System.out.println(user.getUserName());
    }
}

测试结果:

1、读取方法

2、更新方法

执行之后,比对数据库就可以发现主从库都修改了数据,说明我们的读写分离是成功的。当然,更新方法可以指向从库,这样一来就只会修改到从库的数据,而不会涉及到主库。

注意

上面测试的例子虽然比较简单,但也符合常规的读写分离配置。值得说明的是,读写分离的作用是为了缓解写库,也就是主库的压力,但一定要基于数据一致性的原则,就是保证主从库之间的数据一定要一致。如果一个方法涉及到写的逻辑,那么该方法里所有的数据库操作都要走主库

假设写的操作执行完后数据有可能还没同步到从库,然后读的操作也开始执行了,如果这个读取的程序走的依然是从库的话,那么就会出现数据不一致的现象了,这是我们不允许的。

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